Investigation And Research On Inscriptions Of Qing Dynasty In Huaxi From The View Of Regional Social History

The author has collected and sorted out the 69 Huaxi inscriptions in Qing Dynasty through the field investigation,document literature combining.Although these 69 inscriptions are not the all inscriptions of Qing Dynasty in Huaxi,they basically can reflect the general picture of local society in Huaxi in Qing Dynasty.In this paper,the author uses the discipline research methods of ethnonymics,history and sociology to deeply study the form,content and connotation of the 69 inscriptions from the view of regional social history,and understand the local family activities,local public utilities construction,local public security,economic disputes and national activities and other “local knowledge” in Huaxi in Qing Dynasty deeply.Meanwhile,the author has found that the inscriptions are products of social group activities,playing important roles in mediating all kinds of social relations.The thesis is divided into the following several parts.The first chapter mainly describes the basic situation of the inscriptions of the Qing Dynasty in Huaxi.The material of the inscriptions of the Qing Dynasty in Huaxi is mainly corrosion-resistant bluestone and white stone,so most of them are preserved better,but also a small part of the inscriptions have subjected to varying degrees of damage or even disappeared because of poor material or improper management and other reasons.Inscriptions are mainly quadrate,a few number of them are rectangular or round,with strong era and regional characteristics.The second chapter revolves around the inscriptions to reflect a series of activities of the families in the Qing Dynasty in Huaxi,such as the construction of the ancestral hall,sacrificing ancestors,ethical moral education,and then to explore the relationship between the inscriptions and the families.The study found that inscriptions played an important role in the integration of family historical resources,the identification of family property and the publication of family etiquette systemand other aspects.The third chapter,with the inscriptions as the starting point,outlines the scene of local public utilities construction in Huaxi in the Qing Dynasty.In the construction,the main body of the activities were local squires and villagers.The squires alone funded or organized the villagers to raise funds to build bridges and roads,temples,and to manage and maintain local public natural resources,while the government rarely got involved.The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between the inscriptions of Qing Dynasty in Huaxi and the local social order.In the late Qing Dynasty,Huaxi was beset with numerous local social contradictions,with chaotic social order.The phenomena of theft and refugee disturbing residents happened frequently.So,there were many relevant security inscriptions.This chapter briefly analyzes the reasons for the outbreak of local social security problems during this period,focusing on the governance measures of the officials and the public,especially that the formation of security inscriptions extremely restrained punishment mechanism.The fifth chapter focuses on the local social tax disputes and civil economic disputes in Huaxi in Qing Dynasty seen from the inscriptions.In the middle and late period of Qing Dynasty,the local government officials took the opportunity to oppress the people and caused tax disputes.As a result of the deepening of the social crisis,various civil economic disputes were endless.In these economic disputes,a variety of interest subjects gamed mutually,and ultimately reached a consensus,which was determined in the form of inscriptions.The sixth chapter mainly analyzes the three aspects of the self-management of the lands of all nationalities,the ethnic relations in the regional society and the taxation problems of the Tusi area in Huaxi in the Qing Dynasty.Due to the different effect degrees of Han culture,the property rights of land of the Bouyei nationality in the Huaxi area were very clear at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,while the Miao nationality in the Gaopo area were still using the traditional way to manage their own collective land until the middle of the Qing Dynasty.Compared with other areas in Guizhou,the ethnic minorities of Huaxi were greatly influenced by the Han culture inthe Qing Dynasty and all ethnic groups harmoniously coexisted.The regional Tusi in Huaxi in the Qing Dynasty took the opportunity to exploit the people,and all kinds of tax problems were very serious.The conclusion part is intended to discuss the process of local social operation in Huaxi in Qing Dynasty on the basis of the above six chapters.Under the interactive game of all social activities including the officials,the squires and the villagers,the regional society in Huaxi was alternately operated between the “ideal state” and the“non-ideal state”,and showed different stage characteristics in different historical periods.