Research On Grassroots Government Livelihood Measures In Ming And Qing Dynasties

The level of solvency for the people's livelihood at the grass-roots level officials has an important bearing on the immediate interests of the people and on the rulers'prestige and even the rise and fall of power.The concept of people's livelihood in the Ming and Qing dynasties is relatively mature,the industrious and probity as well as the concept of serving the people have become the official ideas that are universally accepted from top to bottom.Shexian government as a microcosm of grass-roots government officials,its officials would like to abide by the industrious and probity administrative guidelines,worthy of respect.Their ideas are realized through livelihood relief and livelihood security measures.Livelihood rescue measures mainly include disaster relief,support for the elderly and poverty alleviation.First of all,the disaster relief measures are the most important livelihood relief measures.The disaster relief procedures of Shexian prefectures include disaster relief preparations and disaster relief implementation.Disaster preparedness includes disaster recovery and investigation of displaced persons.The most important concrete measures include distribute aid,reduction and advise donation.In addition,pray is a special kind of disaster relief measures,stabilizing the people,giving them the confidence and courage to resist the disaster.Followed by the support for the elderly measures,it is the traditional virtue of respecting the elderly,the elderly have the political meaning of the government,more livelihood' meaning.The Shexian government's policy of treating the elderly is reflected in tax cuts and to give material subsidies for the elderly.For the elderly alone,the government provides them with a special place of living,namely,the nursing home.Finally,it is an act of helping the poor.This paper argues that the main poverty alleviation measures of the prefectures and counties are food aid and poverty alleviation agencies.Its food aid initiatives include encouraging reclamation and reducing food prices,the establishment of poverty alleviation agencies similar to the Welfare Institute and the Huiji Hall,there are child care homes,Huimin Pharmacy and so on.Water conservancy,warehousing,public security are livelihood protection measures.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,many water conservancy projects were built in Shexian County.From the type of hydraulic engineering,there are mainly dams,embankments,ponds and so on.In terms of work emphasis,the work ofrebuilding water conservancy and dredging ditches has done the most,so that hydraulic projects can play a long-term role.Shexian's warehousing system is basically the same as that in other parts of the country.The warehousing function is relatively comprehensive.Apart from a few full-time warehousing facilities,most warehousing facilities in Shexian also have the functions of flatting price and eliminating poverty.From the construction of warehouse units,the official warehouses flourished in the early Ming and Qing dynasties,and the preparatory warehouses and regular positions warehoused well.In the late dynasty,the official warehouses were in a state of weakness,officials and civilians were jointly organized,and private warehousing became a craze.Public security is the most basic function of the government.Shexian county government through direct or indirect means to ensure safety.Direct management is to play the official functions of the government,according to the law Imperialist anti-repression unrest to deal with conflicts and disputes;indirect control refers to establishment of civilian armed forces,with agriculture as a soldier,with civil power for effective public order control.