The Social Ethical Study On Durkheim's Individual Freedom And Group Solidarity Thought

Freedom and rationality are the basic identifications of modern society.However,the advocacy of the individuality makes it impossible for modern people to get rid of ethical dilemma.The tension between individual freedom and group solidarity becomes the basic ethical situation of modern society.Historically,The Death of Socrates is the initial appearance of the problem between individual freedom and group solidarity.Since entering modern society,the problem of Socrates has turned into the universal issue faced by modern people,which has not only raised concern among ethicists,but has put a strong ethical impulse on many sociologists' thought.Durkheim is the most typical of them.In the light of the existing tension between individual freedom and group solidarity in modern society,Emile Durkheim,a French sociologist,attempted to cogitate and solve this problem from sociological perspective,whose theory of solidarity exactly response to the trouble.Although Durkheim's research is a model of sociological research,it is obvious that the issue of individual freedom and group solidarity is firstly an ethical issue.The problem cannot be well studied in the absence of an ethical perspective.Given that this perspective has not received due attention,and in consideration of that transforming China society is faced with increasingly torture on this problem.This study strives to analyze the individual freedom and group solidarity thought of Durkheim from the perspective of social ethics.The ethical implications of Durkheim's individual freedom and group solidarity thought are the key point of this study.Firstly,this thesis focuses on the problem consciousness of individual freedom and group solidarity in Durkheim's theory.The source of thought and the historical development of this problem are reviewed.Debate on Durkheim's thought of solidarity among domestic and foreign scholars are inspected in detail.Basing on Durkheim's writings,this paper then elaborates the ethical context of his thought of individual freedom and group solidarity,and it points out the ethical problems in the theory of solidarity.Furthermore,this paper attempts to make an ethical evaluation of Durkheim's social integration thought based on the theory of solidarity,and reveals its internal problems and paradoxes.In this paper,we discuss the three contradictory relations between individual freedom and social anomie,individual freedom and social integration,social integration and ethical pressure from social,moral and ethical perspective,aiming at expounding the social,moral and ethical paradox within solidarity theory.Meanwhile,the dissertation summarizes the internal causes of difficulty in achieving 'Organic mechanical solidarity' advocated by Durkheim.Next,through profound consideration,this article discusses the social and ethical issues of individual freedom and group solidarity in modern and post-modern social background.It probes into the thought on the issue brought forward by Durkheim's contemporaries and those who researched after Durkheim's,including Webb and Protestant Ethics,Raymond Aaron and liberal ethics,and Postmodern Ethics of Bauman,and demonstrates other manifestations and more possibilities of this problem.Finally,in the context of China,this paper studies Durkheim's individual freedom and group solidarity thought and analyses the enlightenment of Durkheim's theory to the transformation of modern Chinese society combined with Fei Xiaotong's 'difference order pattern'.