The Decoding Of The Loneliness In Three Lives From The Perspective Of Fromm Psychoanalysis

Gertrude Stein was the founder of American modernist literature in 20^th century.She was known as“the Mother of Modern Literature”,“Hemingway's Mentor”and“the Guide and Spokesman of‘Lost Generation'”.In 1909,she published her medium-length novel Three Lives which received heated responses.The novel is said to follow the model on Flaubert's Three Stories.Her language is simple,accurate and concise.This work has been regarded as“the Classic of Modernism”and then her status as a writer was firmly established.Three Lives exhibited the author's artistic techniques and artistic ideas.It is the masterpiece that primarily shows the real life of blacks and has been selected into many different literary anthologies.Three Lives is the first one of Gertrude Stein's published novels.It tells stories about Anna's,Melanctha's and Lena's respective daily life and fate.In the world's literary history,Three Lives takes the lead in the feminist theme creation.The work describes real lives and truly narrates the life-situation of insensible women living in the late 19^th century to early 20^th century.Stein tried to reveal the ethical relations in society by means of the three protagonists,and criticized some unreasonable phenomenon that existed in the society.She was also intended to draw the attention of the people and arouse the women to wake up themselves.This thesis,through psychoanalysis,explores the theme of loneliness in Gertrude Stein's Three Lives.From the view of Fromm's psychoanalytic theory,the writer of the thesis gives psychological studies of the characters,trying to find out the loneliness of the characters,elaborating the wrong solutions they have taken to their loneliness,and finally points out the wholesome solution.The whole thesis consists of three parts:introduction,the main body and the conclusion.In the introduction,the writer gives a brief introduction to Stein and her novel Three Lives,presents current researches of the novel at home and abroad,and then comes the thesis statement of this paper.The main body is divided into the following four chapters.The first chapter is the theoretical basis which expounds the content and theoretical framework of Fromm's psychoanalysis,and sums up the theory of loneliness in Fromm's psychoanalysis.Chapter Two presents and interprets the characters'strange behaviors by using Fromm Psychoanalysis.These behaviors are the symptoms which reflect these characters'inside world and the subconscious loneliness they are not aware of.Chapter Three connects with the symptoms of loneliness in the preceding chapter and deeply researches the inner causes of characters'loneliness,digging out the essence by the phenomenon with the combination of theories.Chapter Four reveals the three heroines'solutions to loneliness and analyzes the errors therein through Fromm Psychoanalysis.It helps readers to understand some eccentric behaviors of the characters'in the text,meanwhile points out the real love that can solve the problem of loneliness validly.The conclusion part summarizes the whole thesis.On the whole,this thesis analyzes one of the important themes in the novel Three Lives–loneliness deeply and meticulously,and this attempt will provide a new idea and a direction for the research of the novel besides other topics such as the tragedy of women and that may remind us not to overlook Stein's essential concerns about human,the change of social history,the gender war,social reality and other issues.