The Influence Of Processing Fluency On The Framing Effects Of Judgments Of Learning

Judgments of Learning(JOLs)means to estimate the results of learners' just-finished learning and ongoing learning in future tests when acquiring memory materials.As an important pattern of metacognition monitoring,JOLs directly affects learners' evaluation on how well they learned and determines whether the learners should learn the same materials again.Framing effect refers to the difference in the behavior results of individuals due to different ways of expressing a certain problem.Processing fluency refers to an individual's subjective feeling or experience on the difficulty of processing information.Studies have found that processing fluency,as a clue of subjective experience,can influence JOLs,meanwhile other studies noticed that JOLs have framing effects.Does processing fluency influence the framing effects of JOLs? If yes,how does this influence work? To answer the two questions,this study explores the mechanism of how processing fluency works in the framing effects of JOLs.This study adopts classical research model of JOLs,investigating the framing effects in JOLs from the perspective of processing fluency through three experiments.Experiment 1 and 2 focus on the influence of different processing fluency levels on the framing effects in JOLs: Experiment 1 uses words of lower correlation to study whether low-level processing fluency have influence on the framing effects in JOLs;Experiment 2 uses highly correlated words to see whether high-level processing fluency influences the framing effects in JOLs.In Experiment 3,processing fluency is further divided into encoding fluency and retrieval fluency.By controlling the encoding fluency and retrieval fluency,Experiment 3 investigates whether retrieval fluency has influence on the framing effects in JOLs.Results of the three experiments verify the psychological anchor hypothesis.The results are as follows.Firstly,different levels of processing fluency will have different influences on the framing effects in JOLs.Low-level processing fluency does not influence the framing effects in JOLs while high-level processing fluency do.To specify,in positive framing,the participates has high accuracy in JOLs,whereas in negative framing the participates has low accuracy in JOLs and tends to underestimate.Secondly,retrieval fluency of the processing fluency has no influence on the framing effects in JOLs.It is may be encoding fluency of the processing fluency that influences the framing effects in JOLs.