Age Of Vocabulary Acquisition Affect The Judgments Of Learning:The Role Of Processing Fluence And Beliefs

The research shows that the lexical attributes and perceptual characteristics affect the memory effect(e.g.,Rubin&Friendly,1986).The acquisition age of vocabulary influences recall performance,and early acquired vocabulary is better than later acquired vocabulary memory(Gullick&Juhasz,2008).At the same time,the age of vocabulary acquisition influences not only the cognitive process of individuals,but also the higher level metacognitive processes,that is,individuals give earlier acquired vocabulary with higher learning judgment(I1lman&Morrison,2011).However,the mechanism by which the age of acquisition(AOA)influences the judgment of learning(JOL)remains unclear.As for the mechanism of AOA effect on JOLs,researchers have found that processing fluency plays an important role in it,and the influence of fluency on learning judgment is proved to be direct and without mediation(Koriat&Bjork,2006).Research shows that the higher the fluency of the project,the higher the corresponding learning judgment(Hertzog et al.,2003;Koriat,2008;Matvey et al.,2001;Undorf&Erdfelder,2011).However,Mueller etal.(2014)found that it was learners' memory beliefs but not processing fluency contribute substantially to the AOA effect on JOLs.At present,the research about the mechanism of learning judgment mainly focuses on the function of processing fluency and beliefs.The discussion of this problem will improve the theory of metacognition monitoring and it will also be helpful for the practical teaching.Above all,in this study,three studies were conducted to systematically examine the effects of vocabulary acquisition age on learning judgment,as well as the role of processing fluency and memory beliefs(Koriat,1997;Koriat,Bjork,Sheffer,&Bar,2004;Mueller,Dunlosky,Tauber&Rhodes,2014;Mueller,Tauber&Dunlosky,2013).The experimental materials are all Chinese single word materials,and the subjects are recruited from college.In Experiment 1,single factor experiment within subject was used to test the influence of the acquisition age of Chinese words on judgment of learning.The results of the experiment 1 are consistent with previous findings.The acquisition age of vocabulary influences.JOLs,and participants assigning higher JOLs for early-acquired than late-acquired words.In Study 2,first of all,researchers used a questionnaire to verify whether learners hold memory beliefs on AOA,then,investigated the role of beliefs in the relationship between AOA and JOLs.The experimental results show that most of participants thought that early-acquired vocabulary is better memories than later-acquired vocabulary,but memory beliefs didn't play an important role in the relationship between AOA and JOLs.In Experiment 3,self-regulated learning time was used as an indicator of processing fluency to investigate the role of processing fluency in the relationship between the acquisition age of vocabulary and the judgment of learning.The results showed that participants spend less time to study early-acquired words and early-acquired words' JOL was significantly higher than the later-acquired words' in which self-paced learning time plays an intermediary role.Conclusions were as follows:(1)The acquisition age of vocabulary was used as a cue for metacognition judgments,with participants assigning higher JOLs for early-acquired than late-acquired words.(2)Processing fluency but not beliefs contribute substantially to the AOA effect on JOLs.