A Study On Shi-zhong Societies In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Period Of The Republic Of China

Shi-Zhong was a special literary form born in the Daoguang period and popular in the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.It comes from the old style poetry,and got independent and constantly improved during the Xianfeng period.It eventually became a kind of literary form with literary,entertaining and competition,and finally gained the recognition of the value of traditional intellectuals.Shi-Zhong societies experienced the brewing of the Daoguang period,was promoted by officials and celebrities to most of the provinces in the country during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods,eventually reached the peak of the association in Guang Xu and Xuantong periods.This thesis tries to conduct detailed calculation and theoretical research on Shi-Zhong societies in the Late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.This thesis was made up of 7 sections,including "introduction","chapter 1-5" of the first section of the text,the second section of the text and "conclusion".Introduction is concerned with the present situation of research on Shi-Zhong societies in the Late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.Chapter 1: explains some basic conceptions of Shi-Zhong,including the source,formats and its development.Chapter 2: explores the social and cultural background rising of Shi-Zhong in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.Chapter 3: explains the History of development of Shi-Zhong societies in detail,by the research on some societies of different periods.Chapter 4: summarizes several features of Shi-Zhong societies: timeliness,dependency,disciplinary and self-enclosed.Chapter 5: evaluates the value of Shi-Zhong societies in the Late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China in the history of literature and traditional literati's group activities.The second section of the text starts from three types: specialized Shi-Zhong societies,societies involves Shi –Zhong creation and the private Shi-Zhong societies;researches more than one hundred Shi-Zhong societies.