The Study Of City Fire And The Fire-control Management In Modern Tianjin(1902-1949)

The fire is accompanied by the development of the city.In order to cope with the fire,all the city managers from all over the world are devoted to exploring and summarizing beneficial experiences in preventing and extinguishing fires.With the development of the times,the needs of society have been enriched and improved.Since the rise of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Tianjin City has developed into the largest distribution center for goods and commerce in North China rapidly thanks to the geographical advantages of its waterway.Frequent fires have also appeared along with the urban development suddenly.In the modern era,due to the opening ports trade,the speed of urbanization accelerated,the frequency of fires in Tianjin increased significantly and the fire situation was more complicated.However,the frequent occurrence of urban fires is not without any trace.The modern Tianjin,whether it is the time of fire,the spatial distribution,or the fequency and cause of fire,presented its own laws and characteristics.In the event of a fire,the situation is hard to reverse.This not only reduces the lives and property of urban residents greatly,but also impedes the administration of public security in the local community extremely.Therefore,in the modern Tianjin from the police fire organizations,down to ordinary merchants all have given greater attention to the city firefighting in the need of preventing danger and safeguarding safety,and take the initiative to participate in fire management work of city.Undoubtedly,before the development of the government-run fire service organization had not yet occurred and the development was still in its infancy,private fire fighting water society was play the role of maintaining regional fire safety and provided manpower and resources support for fire services in the region.At the beginning of the 20th century,Tianjin official firefighting police officers were formally established.Due to the insufficient strength at the time of their start-up and the insufficient number of firefighting officers,they often cooperated with private water firefighting societies to cope with the fire jointly.Since then,the government-run fire service organization has developed its organizational structure,staffing,the level of equipment,organizational management and other aspects continuously,playing an increasingly dominant role in the management of urban public affairs and has become an indispensable force in the city's fire service.On the contrary,although the development of private fire prevention organizations has been consolidated under the efforts of the Chamber of Commerce,as the time goes by,the organization had been in short supply and lacked of the fire fighting skill straining.The trend development of water society has obviously decreased and gradually declined,by the time of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,fell into a situation of staying.After the Anti-Japanese War,the control and influence of government affairs on social affairs were increasing steadily.Although civil fire protection organizations were restored and developed on the basis of their original level,their activity was greatly reduced and they were transformed by the active promoters of urban fire services For passive participants.However,no matter how the strength of government and people's fire prevention organizations are experiencing each other's growth and decline,both of them play an important role in safeguarding the city's fire safety in modern times.For the modern densely populated,fire-prone modern Tianjin,whether it is fire prevention management,fire management or fire disaster management,have formed a relatively complete set of management system.Fire prevention is a crucial part in fire management.Modern fire prevention management in Tianjin can be subdivided into three aspects:fire supervision and inspection,fire prevention publicity and education and dangerous goods management.As far as fire fighting is concerned,strengthening the construction of firefighting infrastructure,rehabilitating fire-fighting equipment and improving fire fighting and fighting management are necessary guarantees to reduce fire losses and ensure the safety of people's lives and property.Similarly,the modern Tianjin fire disaster also has a more complete response.After the fire raged,do a good job of fire investigation and statistics,reward and punishment of relevant personnel is an important part of post-disaster management.It must be pointed out that in the modern city of Tianjin fire management,municipal authorities show its authority in the public affairs management,but ultimately the city's fire management can not be separated from the public participation,the general pub lic's participation in modern Tianjin city Fire management presents a wide range of managers,a wide range of features.As part of the city public security management,Tianjin fire management from traditional to modern transition and urbanization accompanied by the process.On the one hand,fire management has promoted the construction of municipal municipalities and continuously improved the urban management level in the process of concrete practice;on the other hand,the fire management has been strengthened in order to meet the requirements brought by the progress of urbanization for fire protection so as to conform to the rapid urban modernization situation.As a result of urban modernization,the development of fire management reflects the level of municipal construction,and to a certain extent,it is subject to the potential space provided by urban economic development.Modern Tianjin fire management also has an unsatisfactory side,but this does not prevent the enthusiasm of the side to give objective analysis and summary.Fire management is just a microcosm of the entire modernization of Tianjin.Through the point of fire management,people can better understand and public participation in public affairs management.