A Study Of Jade From The Late Neolithic Age To Xia And Shang Dynasties In The Middle And Upper Yellow Rivers

The Neolithic jade in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin has less excavated material,and the study is comparatively weak.How did the jade heritage in the Central Plains region come into being,and what cultural factors did it affect?Whether the neolithic material from the Neolithic Period to the Shang Dynasty was transmitted from a long distance or drawn locally was an open question.Therefore,clarifying the conditions and characteristics of jade excavated from the late Neolithic in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River area has a positive significance for understanding the development of the Central Plain Jade in the late Shang dynasty and the interaction and communication between the early and the eastern cultures.Hexi Corridor,as a hub area that connects the Guanzhong area with the Xinjiang area and the Eurasian steppe area,is the central area where the eastern and western cultures communicate and collide.Therefore,horizontal comparison studies on the conditions of unearthed jade articles in the Central Plains,Gansu and Xinjiang regions were conducted under the same framework,which is conducive to understanding the propagation path of jade culture and better researching the propagation path of jade rites.In this paper,through combing archaeological excavation briefings,reports,and various types of published catalogues,we have collected jade articles from the late Longshan era to the late Shang Dynasty in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River.Through systematic statistics,introduction,and analysis,we have combined different jade artifacts,dates,and dates.Outer objects,using methods of archeological typology,comparative analysis of the shape of the device,jade materials,etc.,to explore the shape evolution and spatial distribution of jade.At the same time,a cultural factor analysis method was used to try to find clues that interacted with the jade tradition in different archaeological cultures.From the perspective of archeology,it was studied whether there was a jade road connecting the Central Plains region and the northwest region.The body of the thesis is divided into six parts:The first part:Introduction.The topic and meaning of the selected topic,research content and methods are introduced.Summarizes the previous scholars' research on the regional conditions of jade and the jade road in the late Neolithic period.The second part:The jade excavated in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in the Neolithic Age.This part is divided into different archaeological cultures,systematically combing the jade of the second phase of Hougang Culture,the third phase of Wangwan Culture,the second phase of the Hakka Village,Taosi Culture and Xinhua Culture,and summarizes each part.It is believed that in this period,although the use of jade centers such as Tao Temple and Shijiu occurred in the Central Plains,the differentiation between jade and stone has basically been completed.The third part:The jade excavated in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the late Neolithic Age.This section summarizes the jade articles that were discovered or collected in the three provinces of Gansu,Qinghai,and Ningxia,the jade artifacts of the Xicheng culture,the Siba culture,and the jade materials found in the Majushan ruins.It is pointed out that in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the period,the Qijia culture began to form a relatively developed jade tradition under the influence of the Central Plains,but declined during the Xichengyi and Siba cultures.The excavated status of early jade in Xinjiang.Summarizes the prehistoric jade articles discovered in Xinjiang and believes that the use of jade in the Xinjiang region is not yet clear.Therefore,the search for and use of Hetian jade earlier still requires further work and discovery by archaeologists.Part IV:Jade articles in the Xia—Shang era.This section combed the Erlitou site,the Erligang cultural site,and the Yin Ru culture jade ware represented by the Fu Hao Tomb.It is believed that the jade artifacts of this period inherited a variety of cultural factors of the Neolithic jade and some new changes emerged.Some jade tools with their own characteristics such as gums,handles.Part V:The jade road and the early exchanges between the east and the west.This part separately discusses the journey and communication of jade rituals and jade rituals,the inheritance,communication and development of cultural factors seen in special—shaped jade articles,and the changes in jade materials from late Neolithic to Xia sang.It is believed that in the late Neolithic Age,there was jade and stone differentiation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River,and jade rituals began to appear and developed.In the late Shang Dynasty,the transformation process of Wu Yu—Wang Yu was basically completed.As early as the late Neolithic Age,there was an exchange of jade culture between the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Longshan Cultural District in the middle reaches.In the late Neolithic period,some new jade artifacts began to appear in the Yellow River Basin,such as the handle—shaped device,large and thin gums,and multi—hole knives.These characteristics of the Central Plains were inherited and developed by the Erlitou culture,and spread to the surrounding areas during the Shang Dynasty.The Central Plain Jadeware passively accepted the development of the jade from the east to export a new jade tradition.In the late Shang dynasty,the use of tremolite nephrite was greatly increased,and many jade materials with typical characteristics of Xinjiang,Gansu,and Xiuyan were unearthed.The diversity of the source of jade materials shows that in this period,the dynasty of Shang Dynasty was eager for jade.Local materials have been unable to meet the demand for jade,and the rulers of this period have already consciously collected jade materials from abroad.The jade road was not formed at one time.During a long period of time,the jade road was gradually formed and segmented.The formation of the jade road is first of all the propagation of jade culture and jade rituals,and then the transport of jade materials.Part VI:Conclusion.Summarize the previous article section and draw some of your own opinions.