Study On The Art Of The Grottoes Of The Northern Dynasties In Tianlong Mountain

The Tianlong Mountain Grottoes,located about 40 kilometers away of southwest Taiyuan which is the capital of Shanxi Province,are the remains of an important Buddhist grottoes in China.It occupies an important position in the development of the grottoes and the history of the development of Buddhist art.There are 25 grottoes on the Tianlong Mountain,including 199 statues.This paper takes the grottoes of the Northern Dynasties in Tianlong Mountain as the research objects,including 2nd,3rd,1st,10 th and 16 th caves,about 62 statues.It is expected to explore the background of the Tianlong Mountain grottoes and the reasons for the site selection by combing the history of the development of Buddhism in China,especially in the development of Shanxi,and the route of Buddhism Grottoes.And the exploration of the propagation mechanism of Buddhist grottoes art has laid a foundation for discussing the artistic features of the Grottoes in the Northern Dynasties.The artistic characteristics of Eastern Wei and Northern Qi grottoes are analyzed by using the method of plastic arts.Comparing the Eastern Wei grottoes in Tianlong Mountain with the Late Northern Wei and Eastern Wei grottoes in Longmen,and the Northern Qi grottoes are compared with other statues in Jinyang,grottoes in Xingtang Mountain and the statues of Longxing Temple in Qingzhou.The author analyzes and summarizes the generality and characteristics of the statues of Eastern Wei Dynasty and Northern Qi Dynasty in the Tianlong Mountain Grottoes with other areas in the same period,using chart contrast research from the shape and structure of the grottoes,the content of the subject matter,the decoration of the grottoes and the features of the statues.With the study of the above two parts,we can see that the grottoes of Eastern Wei in Tianlong Mountain had inherited the characteristics of grottoes of Longmen in Late Northern Wei Dynasty,and the grottoes of Northern Qi in Tianlong Mountain have shown the same trend with the features of the grottoes in other areas in the same period.But the statues' shape curve Tianlong Mountain is more dynamic,the lines are more soft and mature,and the facial expression is integrated into the spirit of introspective and contemplation of the characters,and convey the spirit of Buddhism closer to the image of the world.The Northern Qi is the most profound change in the characteristics of the Buddhist statues.Its transitional characteristics are very significant,inheriting the Buddhist ideal world of Northern Wei Dynasty and enlightening the strong and passionate style of Sui and Tang Dynasties.The purpose of this part is to explore the characteristics of the grottoes of Northern Dynasties in Tianlong Mountain,as well as their relationship with the other contemporaneous statues and the profound influence on the later generations,which is the innovation of this paper.On the basis of the conclusion of the above study,from phenomenon to essence,under the features of the statue grottoes,with the background of the history of The Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties,from the political situation,the constitution of the ruling class,the individual of the rulers,the economic characteristics,the cultural characteristics,the north and South painting style and the influence of Indian Buddhism art,comprehensively excavating the causes of the formation of the style of the grottoes in Northern Dynasty in Tianlong Mountain.The fifth chapter of this thesis makes a detailed analysis of the reasons for the formation of the cave style.This is another innovation of this paper.