| Koreans in Manchuria migrated to the northeast of China from the Chosun Peninsula focusing on the 19th century and now live under the name of "Ethnic Koreans ".Although they lived in the Manchurian land of China,they did not assimilate to China and lived with their status as a Korean,and the social status of the Koreans was the lowest.Since then,a considerable number of Korean peasants have changed their status in various ways as the number of Korean citizens who have become naturalized in order to overcome the difficulties of life by obtaining ownership of the land and avoiding the pressure of the Chinese side has increased.Later,in the period of the Republic of China,Japan established "Gan-do Police Office" which was promoting the protection of Koreans on the surface,but in essence for the purpose of invading the continent,After that,Japan made a "Gando Convention"using the "Gando Problem"and expanded the power in the Northeast by establishing the "Gando Japanese Consulate General".In the midst of this process,as China and Japan,both countries experienced diplomatic conflicts over the issue of Chosun,China seemed to have been compassionate about the former Koreans but gradually became negative due to the Japanese attempting to expand their power using Koreans in the Northeast region.Especially,with the 'Sam-si agreement'basis for the Chinese officials to deal with the Korean people freely without interfering with Japan,the'Jang Jak Lim'regime started to exclude Koreans and created an area prohibiting the naturalization of the Koreans.The Koreans,who were in a complex position and low social status between Japan and China,came to a great change when the "Manchukuo" was established on the occasion of 9.18 affairs in 1931.Japan dominated the Korean people with the idea of "national association" as the founding principle.Until the abolition of extraterritorial rights in 1937,Koreans were directly under the control of Japanese embassies,consulates and Chosun governor-general.They tried to effectively suppress the anti-Japanese armed movements of the Koreans by giving them"extraterritorial rights"and using them as the basis of colonial rule by recognizing "special status"compared to other nations and by directly controlling the Koreans.Japan has planned to establish a "Chosun Confederacy"for the purpose of giving the Koreans a national consciousness of Manchukuo and controlling the Koreans.The Confederacy started in Andong in 1913,and in 1936,about 20%of the Korean population living in Manchukuo was large enough to join the Confederation,which greatly affected Korean society.In 1937,when the colonial rule was intensified to a certain extent,Japan abolished extraterritorial rights and consolidated various pro-Japanese groups such as the Confederation into the Concordia Association.Also,we initiated the policy of resident Koreans through the Association.It was divided into the main organization and the subcommittee which acted as the main body.In essence,they attempted the union of races with Japanese as the center,but the confrontation between the races was not resolved.In addition,in order to solve the problem of nationality of the Koreans in the Manchuria,there was an attempt made to establish the nationality law,but it was not made in the end..Some of the Koreans in Manchukuo were expected to live in a better social status as a perfect Manchu nation,and the pro-Japanese people hoped for social status as"Japanese people"through extraterritorial rights,but all were vain expectations,Considering that it is a superficially independent country that pretends to be a colony rather than an independent country,it can be seen that Koreans in Manchukuo were only one nation that is convenient for Japan to use.Therefore,before the elimination of extraterritorial rights,other people complained about the 'special status' of the Korean people,but in fact,the 'special status' enjoyed by the Korean people was not an improvement of the essential status and social status. |
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