Research On The Defense Safety Design Of Building's Outside Environment Based On Rational Choice Theory

The requirement for safety is one of the most important demands of human being.For architecture,defense safety design is mainly reflected in crime prevention through environmental design and its main idea is to eliminate the conditions of crime and to prevent crime by improving the elements of environment.The building's outside environment,which is the environment surround or between the buildings,is the spacial base of crime.The environment that has defects in design,may lead to the occurrence of crime.On the contrary,the environment that is properly designed can prevent the occurrence of crime.The proper design of the building's outside environment can prevent the occurrence of crime and it is an important method to prevent crime.The rational choice theory believes that potential criminal will analyze the environmental factors before he make the decision whether to commit the crime or not.The potential criminal will consider the reword?effort and risk of implementing crime.When potential criminal believe that“Income=Reward-(Effort+Risk)>0 ”,he will make the decision to commit the crime.The rational potential criminal prefer to implement crime in the defective environment.To increase the effort and risk of crime by designing the building's outside environment properly can prevent the occurrence of crime.And it can build safe living environment and make us feel safer by doing so.This paper starts with the investigation of the residential building's outside environment in Changchun and find the problems of the enthusiasm?accessibility and visibility of space.And this paper research in the relationship between building's outside environment and crime on the foundation of rational choice theory and put forward three crime preventing patterns.Thus,this study propose the improvementstrategy based on the three patterns.The strategy is to increase the effort and risk of implementing crime in order to make the potential criminal tend to believe that“Income=Reward-(Effort+Risk)<0”and give up the decision to commit crime.