Research On Adequacy-Guarantee Of American Basic Education Finance

One of the key points of promoting educational equity is educational finance,thus how to adjust and distribute educational resource to ensure the equity of educational expenditure and reduce the problem of unequal education opportunity is an inevitable encounter problem for many countries all over the world.The disparity in per-pupil expenditure between wealthy and poor school districts has resulted in many basic educational finance litigations in the United States.However,these litigations promote the development of the basic educational finance system,guarantee the educational expenditure of pupils and enhance the level of education equity in U.S.A.Therefore,it is worth to studying the process of the development of basic educational litigation and considering the reason and evidence for public to appeal,the different demands of public in different stages,the judgment of courts,the influence of court decision,the factors influencing the litigation and so on.This study aims at providing reference for the improvement of basic educational finance system in China by exploring the guarantee mechanism of American basic educational finance from the perspective of basic educational finance litigation.Search,collect and analyze the literatures and data about American basic educational litigation from CNKI,ERIC,NCES,etc.And use a combination of the literature analysis method,qualitative and quantitive method and case analysis method to analyze the background,cause,influence factors and goals of litigation,to trace the process from equality-based litigation to adequacy-based litigation,to focus on the three typical litigations,Rodriguez,Serrano and Rose to find out the relationship between basic educational litigation and basic educational system and illustrate it with data.Finally conclude the experience comes from the development of basic educational litigation.The paper is divided into four parts except introduction and conclusion.In part I,I discuss the background and cause of basic educational litigation occurrence.In part?,I analyze two typical litigations,Rodriguez and Serrano,and illustrate the change of per-pupil expenditure after reform with graphs.Then I summary the first two waves of litigation and in terms of the typical litigation to infer the possible reason of the failure of the first two waves.In part ?,I consider the factors that influence the shift of litigation from equality to adequacy and analyze the litigation Rose,moreover observe the change of per-pupil expenditure after reform.Highlight the response of other courts for adequacy-based litigation and analyze the advantage and limitation of adequacy approach.On the base of last three parts,my finding are as follows.The active surveillance of public forces governments to take management reform and have a far more explicit sense of responsibility for their work.American insist on administering education in accordance with law and legal guarantee is the essential mean for promoting education finance equity.Cultivate legal awareness among public is an important mean to promote administer education in accordance with law and the level of education finance equity.Litigation is an efficient way to solve the inequity among education and the judicial branch is the dominant force in promoting education financial reform.From equality-based litigation to adequacy-based litigation is a shift from quantity to quality and it reflects the educational demand and better comprehending in education equity of public.Take the adequacy education as a goal to determine the standard of educational equity and set up scientific principle of education financial allocation and transit to the education output mode.The experience of the development of basic educational litigation in U.S.A.provides experience and piratical reference for China.