Study On Pricing Of Urban Public Traffic Based-on Game Theory

With the rapid development of economy in our country, the urban construction is further speeding up and the urban people's vehicle number is increasing, then there comes the urban traffic problems, such as urban road congestion, environment pollution, these problems have become the main reason for restricting the rapid development of urban economy and society. According to the experience of urban transportation in developed countries that giving priority to the development of urban public transportation is the key to solve the urban traffic problems, and scientific pricing is vital to the development of the urban public transportation. If the public transportation service level is in a certain situation, the scientific and reasonable fares will determine the development of the urban public transportation enterprise and the share rate of urban public transportation. In response to the national call to vigorously promote the public transport priority, the research shall be based on urban public transport pricing, determining a scientific and reasonable fare, to achieve a sustainable development of urban public transport.This paper, which laid a theoretical foundation for the city public transport pricing, briefly introduces the definition, system structure, industry characteristics and elaborates the pricing principle and influence factors of the city public transportation, which gives us a comprehensive understanding of the city public transportation system. Then it comes to introduce the commonly used pricing theories and models, as well as analyze the characteristics and applicability of the models. Found that although there are a lot of methods on city public transport pricing but most of them have certain limitation, so it is necessary to find a scientific and rational pricing method of urban public transport Through the process of urban public transport pricing, considering the tripartite interest of the involved government, bus operators and passengers, we put forward to using the game theory to study the rationality of the urban public transport pricing.In the process of study, based on the cost of time, money, comfort of the passengers and the reliability of the public transport, the travel cost function is established; and on the basis of the unit cost, fixed cost and government subsidies of the urban public traffic, the revenue function model is set up. Moreover, this paper analyzes the pricing problem of urban rail transit and conventional public transport from the perspective of cooperative game theory, and sets up a bi-level programming game pricing model with minimum generalized travel cost of the lower level and maximum overall revenue of the public transport operator of the upper level. At last, this paper briefly describes the characteristics of particle swarm optimization algorithm and elaborate the steps to solve the bi-level programming cooperative game pricing model of the city public transportation using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Taking A city as an example to verify this model and its algorithm, the results show that using particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the bi-level programming model is more efficient and accurate; and found that the urban public transport pricing based on cooperative game theory is more scientific, reasonable and practical.