The Reasearch Of Sericulture Education And Silk Industry Development In The End Of The Dynasty Of Qing (1904-1911)

After the Sino-Japanese war of 1894-1895,the thought of promoting agricultural which include setting up agricultural school,developing agricultural education,expanding sericulture education had been the bipartisan consensus and the common understanding of Qing dynasty.In January 1904,the government promulgated the “charter school will be played”,announced that new educational system should be carried out formally and urged local governments establishing professional school according to their circumstances.It was also the requirements of laws and decrees for Henan province to develop sericulture education.On the one hand,the poor area of Central China became harder for the assessment of the large indemnity of war and the soldier's pay,at the same time,the atrocious weather in the end of Qing dynasty hit the traditional agricultural production hugely.So the first important task for the local governments is to exploit new sources of profit.On the other hand,the prosperity of silk market provided great motivation for them to develop silkworm breeding and mulberry growing actively.Not only was the demand of silk in international market racking up,but also the value of silk was increasing during the last 20 years in the end of Qing dynasty.The price of silk was always much more than traditional crops.For the reason,sericulture industry was regarded as an important form of industry to resuscitate henan economy by local authority and other people with visions at that time when traditional farming could not hold up.local officials,landlords and the returned students all supported and devoted to this career.Kinds of sericulture schools including normal sericulture schools,serculture institutes,serculture training institutes,were built in a lot of prefectures and counties in henan during the first 10 s of the 20 th century.Their objectives,types and contents of teaching were all different,but the main is normal serculture schools.It spread on more counties,admitted more students and produced more effect.Since Gui Mao educational system was put in practice,Henan province had made certain achievements in serculture education,promoted the development of local sericulture industry,fostered a batch of professional and technical personnel of sericulture,made progress in learning new science,and mobilized the local advantage,just like tusser.However,the development and education of sericulture were restricted by the complicated historical and social environment.One side that the turmoil from robbers,cults,gangs and the boxer came in a continuous stream which made society turbulent,public minds confused and production corrupted,for another the assessment of officers was related to sericulture which resulted that officers were too eager for fruit to have a more conscious version.They ignored the regional environment and the land attribute and wasted mass manpower and material resources.Otherwise,the new school system was taken shape initially,policy was always on changing which caused many difficulties for local school administration.As a new subject.sericulture education were on exploration stage,and the schools were mostly dominated by officials,this supervisor state also limited the effective administration of schools.