The Impact Of Transport Infrastructure On The Labor Productivity Of Tourism Industry From The Perspective Of Spatial Spillover Effects

With the rapid growth of resident income,tourism development in China has made significant achievements.However,behind the expanding of overall tourism scale,the problem of tourism economic development quality has always been neglected.As the important index of economic quality and efficiency,labor productivity is an critical perspective to measure cooperated development of regional economy(Gao Fan&Shi Lei,2009).For labor-intensive tourism,especially tourism in China which are transforming from sightseeing tour to leisure tour,labor productivity is the key indicator of torusim quality and efficiency.However,the huge regional difference in tourism labor productivity has been a common fact(Yang Yong,2015).This unbalanced phenomenon would threaten the sustainable development of China's tourism industry heavily,which made both supply and demand of tourism market into vicious circle.Firstly,the difference of economic base make the original unbalance of regional tourism labor productivity.Secondly,the rapid growth of tourism demand only flow into advantageous regions,which aggravate the unbalance of regional tourism.Thirdly,the development unbalance of regional tourism causes a series of problems,including overexploitation in tourism resources,tourism industry monoply and so on,and the productivity of advanced regions start declining.Finally,the unbalance of regional tourism gradually transforms into the overall efficiency declining.As we discussed,unbalance of regional tourism cannot be eliminated by allowing the market to go itself.So it is imperative to find out the external economic factors affecting the tourism labor productivity.Transport infrastructure is the bridge to connect both supply and demand of tourism market,and the elementary factor of tourism products and market development.In practice,the investment into transportation infrastructure significantly expand the tourism market,while we want to know if transportation improves the tourism productivity.With the development of New Economic Geography(NEG)theory,transport costs is widely regarded as key factor of enterprise efficiency(Krugman,1990).On one hand,convenient transportation can broaden the market and improve the division of labor through reducing the time cost,which transform agglomeration effect into labor productivity.On the other hand,transportation infrastructure have an spatial spillover effect on tourism,which contribute to share the regional tourism factors and raise the density of tourism resources.Tourism industry have a strong industrial relevance,in which different types of enterprises have different production and industry characters,so the transportation's effects on tourism enterprises are different.Based on the provincial panel data from 2004 to 2013,this paper use various spacial panel econometric models and spacial weight matrixs to analyse the impact of transport infrastructure on torusim labor productivity and the spacial spillover.In order to distinguish the impact of transport infrastructure on different types of tourism industries,this paper analyse the data of travel agency,star rated hotel and torusim area in the same way.To finding the regional heterogeneity,this paper analyse the above impace of three regions in China.The research shows that for local effect,transportation infrastructure have a positive influence on the whole tourism industry and three types of tourism enterprises,which is more obvious in the western region.While for the spillover effect,the above influence perform differently among different types of tourism enterprises and regions.On the one hand,transportation infrastructure of neighboring provinces have a positive spatial spillover effect on the labor productivity of tourism industry and tourism attraction in this province,which is more obvious in the eastern region,while this influence does not exist in star-rated hotel and tourism agency.On the other hand,except the tourism agency,other types of tourism enterprise of neighboring provinces have a positives spatial spillover effect on the labor productivity of the counterparts of neighboring provinces.which is more obvious in the eastern region.According to our conclusions,we put forward several policy suggestions on making tourism industry and transportation infrastructure develop harmoniously.