Study On Pension System Reform In Eastern European Countries

In the late 1980 s and early 1990 s,the Eastern European countries underwent dramatic changes,opened the prelude of state transition.In the political field,Eastern European countries have shifted from single-party system to Western multiparty system.In the economic field,the eastern European countries are all from the planned economic system to a market economic system.Before the transition,the Eastern European countries followed the former Soviet Union national security pension system.But by the economic downturn,the growth of unemployment rate,population aging and other factors,the original pay-as-you-go pension system has been overwhelmed in this period.Therefore,the Eastern European countries have carried out a series of reforms on the pension system.After the reform and opening up,China has also entered a period of economic transition,from a planned economy to a market economy.Our country has entered the aging society as early as 1999,presents the characteristics of "not rich first old".The current pension system combined with social pooling and individual account also brings about more and more serious problems such as implicit debt,which pose a challenge to the sustainable development of China's pension system.Because of the similarity of the start of pension system reform in China and Eastern European countries,the facing problems and reform paths also have higher comparability.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out in-depth study and analysis of the reform of the pension system in Eastern Europe and sum up the experience and lessons,which will provide a valuable reference for China's pension system reform.This paper breaks through the limitation of studying Eastern European countries' pension system by technical mechanism level.In the background of political and economic transformation of Eastern European countries as a precondition,systematically combing and comparing the background,content,motivation,path choice and restrictive factors of the pension system reform in Eastern Europe.Firstly,this paper expounds the background,significance,research methods,current research situation at home and abroad.Secondly,from the perspective of political economy school and neo-classical school explained the origin of pensions,and sort out the development of the pension system in different period.Then it analyzes the influence of political,economic and social factors on the reform of the pension system in Eastern Europe and summarizes the main contents of the reform of the pension system at different stages in Eastern Europe.On the basis of the above,three representative countries in Poland,Czech and Hungary are chosen to excavate their reform background,concrete content and restrictive factors.Then we make a comparative analysis of the commonality and difference of the reform of the pension system in Eastern European countries.The common characteristics of the pension system reform in Eastern Europe are as follows: Affected by the aging of the population and the pension deficit caused by the economic downturn;Establishing a voluntary third pillar pension plans,and all adopt parametric reform measures such as the delay of retirement age and adjust the principle of pension indexation.The differences are reflected in the choice of path and specific content of the reform.On the basis of comparative analysis,this paper tries to summarize the advantages and shortcomings of pension system reform in Eastern European countries in order to learn the experience and lessons from it.In order to perfect the legal system of pension management,timely change to the notional defined contribution system,progressive delayed retirement age and promote the development of enterprise annuity and commercial endowment insurance.