The Molecular Phylogeny Of The Chinese Family Of The Genus Baorini

Baorini is a tribe of subfamily Hesperiinae,which belongs to family Hesperiidae of Lepidoptera.Baorini was formally established by the American Lepidopteran scholar Warren in 2008 with the type genus Baoris Moore,1881.To date 13 genera and 97 species have been known all over the world,8 genera and 43 species known in China,and 13 of them endemic to Chinese fauna.Although the research of Baorini is relatively early,it is mainly concentrated in the morphological classification,the distribution and new species reports,etc.Due to the similar appearance and the lack of effective morphological identification character of Baorini,the traditional classification system and the phylogenetic relationship based on morphology exist many problems.There are still many problems remaining in Taxonom.In order to clarify the phylogenetic relationship of Baorini in China,we constructed molecular phylogenetic trees on Baorini by molecular biology method based on morphological classification to study the evolution and variation of mitochondrial and nuclear genes.We also deeply discussed the classification status about two subspecies of Polytremis theca.It is our aim to provide some evidence on molecular phylogenetic research of the Baorini.We used the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome Oxidase ?(CO?),Cytochrome Oxidase ?(CO?)and nuclear ribosomal DNA(rDNA)including D3 region of 28 S rRNA,V4 and V7 region of 18 S rDNA to sequence a total of 106 specimens,representing all major species groups.All the sequences are aligned by ClustalX1.83 and BioEdit v.7.0.5.3 software.Sequences statistics were performed using Mega7.0software.We constructed the phylogenetic trees under the methods of Neighbor joining(NJ),and Bayesian inference(BI).Meanwhile we trying to use DNA barcode to identify the species in Baorini.Our aim is to explore whether we can use the fragment of mitochondrial genes COI as a DNA barcode to identify the species in Baorini.Additionally,we studied two subspecies of Polytremis theca on biogeography,genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship,the classification status of the two subspecies was reassessed.The main conclusions of my study are summarrized as following:1.The results of the Neighbour-joining(NJ)and Bayesian inference(BI)based on nuclear gene and mitochondrial gene were largely congruent.Polytremis is polyphyletic and other genus in Baorini is monophyletic.2.Parnara is monophyletic and it is primitive taxa.Pelopidas and Baoris is a sister group with close genetic relationship.Pseudoborbo is a new genus separated from Borbo,so they have a close genetic relationship.3.Tsukiyamaia,Polytremis and Caltoris are close related.Polytremis have a more close relationship with Tsukiyamaia than with Caltoris.4.We successfully identified 40 species in Baorini.The NJ tree showed that the specimens of same species were classified in a clade.It proved that we could use the fragment of mitochondrial genes COI we amplified as a DNA barcode to identify the species in Baorini.5.There are significant differences between Polytremis theca fukia and Polytremis theca theca in geographical distribution,morphological characteristics,genetic structure and molecular phylogeny.We propose that Polytremis theca fukia should be treated as a distinct species.