Scientific And Rational Reconstruction

Scientific rationality research is the core issue in western philosophy of science.Logical empiricism put forward the scientific rationality issue first, they demonstrated through meaning confirmed theory and semantic logic analysis rejecting metaphysics, established a formal form of scientific rationality theory, that means they scientific rationality of ideology, focusing on the form of scientific proposition is not involving the specific content. The logical empiricism scientific rationality thought has been occupying the leading position in the 20th century, but after the rise of historical philosophy of science in the 1960s, logical empiricism scientific rationality thought begins to face the critic from historicism. Historicism is known by its contact socialism practice research, the most representative characters were Kuhn and Feyerabend. Kuhn through his paradigm theory explains the scientific revolution thoughts, formed a kind of scientific development theory, but because the relativism factors contained in paradigm theory, Kuhn come to the opposite of scientific rationality and denied scientific rationality, scientific rationality thought facing the challenge from internal philosopher of science first. Feyerabend with his "whatever it takes" irrationalism and relativism philosophy of science theory, eventually repudiates the scientific rationality theory, Sharpere scientific rationality are built on the such theoretical background, or also say, logical empiricism and historical interpretation of the idea about scientific rationality, become the origin of scientific rationality thought of Sharpere. This is the first chapter of the thesis.Sharpere inherit the theory of scientific rationality from logical empiricism and historicism, see both them rational side and the limitations of their scientific rationality theory, discussed the right to inheritance, also criticized the default socialist of logical empiricism and the absolutism of historicism, this constitutes the primary parts of Sharpere's scientific rationality ideological. At the criticism process of logical empiricism and historical, Sharpere cannot accept the logical empiricism preset socialist and challenge on scientific rationality from historical socialist relativism and irrationalism especially and eventually denied the theory of scientific rationality.So may we can say that the ultimate purpose of his theory of scientific rationality is discussed how to reconstruction or restore science without the help of the preset socialist and not go into relativism circumstances. Sharpere through proposed a series of scientific theory viewpoint expounded new rationality. The research of Scientific rationality theory of Sharpere can exploration from the following several aspects. First, the reasonable and reliable knowledge view decided the general tendency of his scientific rationality thoughts. Sharpere hold a reasonably knowledge view, in his scientific philosophy, Sharpere insists on seek to gain knowledge and understanding of the process is the most profound and repeated questions of our rational tradition. In the critical to default socialist, although he think the limitations of preset socialist is clear but we can not ultimately deny all, the default socialist always resurgent in some forms, so we should carefully analyzing the final motivation hidden in default is in order to obtain reasonable and reliable knowledge about the external world. Sharpere agree with the motive of default socialism, and it is in this knowledge view, Sharpere criticized historicism deny the possibility of knowledge and the science rationality, also reconstructed the theory of scientific rationality under the guidance. Secondly, he proposed scientific domain thought as the basis of elaborating its scientific rationality thought. Scientific domain theory is important theory in Sharpere's philosophy of science was put forward in order to deny logical empiricism distinguish "theory" and "see" approach, also in order to better understand science and its essence. Scientific domain is mainly refers to the information group by has a problem, it constitutes the foundation of scientific rationality thought. Because sharpere thought that the understanding of the nature of science and each question and answer the assumptions put forward scientific rationality all must be made in scientific domain. Through the analysis of scientific practice case we can see, background information and reason theory provided protection for its scientific rationality of thoughts. Finally, scientific rationality thought is reflected in his true theory. This is the main content in the second chapter.Finally, under the detailed analysis of the scientific rationality ideological of Sharpere, we can get a conclusion in the third chapter that the theory of scientific rationality elaboration of Sharpere, which is different from the logical empiricism and not to another extreme that historical negative scientific rationality, he explored a new way to solution the problem of scientific rationality. He not only reconstructs the scientific rationality, and his theory of scientific rationality also can let us have brand-new understanding to science and rationality problem. Of course, his scientific rationality theory also exist certain limitations, its a kind of special rationality theory, is specific and historical. The outstanding theoretical features of his theory of scientific rationality are closely linked the actual science and contemporary science, but he didn't pull his philosophy to rise to scientific practice philosophy height, also did not see the influence of political, economic, cultural and other various social factors on scientific rationality. The enlightenment of his scientific rationality thought to us is scientific practice philosophy may be the settlement of ideas in further scientific rationality thought research.