| In recent years,major disasters have occurred frequently and they have various types,which has seriously affected the lives and property of urban residents.The planning and construction of emergency shelters has become an important factor affecting urban safety and livability.Under the background of rapid urban growth,the spatial allocation of urban public service facilities has become a hot topic.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the location and spatial allocation of emergency shelters.With the acceleration of urban modernization,the construction of emergency shelters has become an important part of urban public safety.This article uses 36 existing emergency shelters in downtown Shanghai,and establishes a suitability evaluation indicator system for emergency shelters based on relevant domestic and foreign literature and national standards for earthquake emergency shelters and facilities(GB21734-2008).The evaluation criteria of emergency shelters can be divided into three categories: applicability criterion,accessibility criterion and safety criterion.The three category includes 11 quantitative indicators,among them,applicability indicators include the population number of available asylum-seekers and the ratio of open space.Accessibility indicators are the minimum distance to the hospital,the minimum distance to the fire station,the minimum distance to the safe water source,the minimum distance to the commanding evacuation unit,the minimum distance to a business service area and walking accessibility respectively.Safety indicators include the minimum distance to flammable and explosive warehouses,slope of emergency shelters and the depth of flooding.Using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS,quantify each indicator,and then graph and analyze the quantified results of each indicator.And then use gray generation,entropy weight method and gray correlation analysis to obtain 36 emergency shelters scores,that is,the decision value.The suitability evaluation results of 36 emergency shelters in downtown Shanghai were classified to 5 levels,they are suitable,appropriate,generally appropriate,less suitable,and unsuitable according to scores.ArcGIS was used to map the results of suitability evaluation of emergency shelters,and the results were analyzed.The main results of the study are:(1)In terms of accessibility,the distances between most emergency shelters in the study area and hospitals,fire stations,safe water sources,commanding evacuation units,and commercial service areas are within a reasonable range,and the accessibility is good.(2)In terms of safety,most emergency evacuation shelters in the study area are too close to flammable and explosive storage sites.This increases certain risks and places great hidden dangers for the safety of emergency shelters.It is hoped that relevant departments can pay attention to it and take measures such as relocation or closure to prevent the occurrence of fire or explosion;(3)Of all the 36 emergency shelters,6 emergency shelters were suitable,5 of thems are appropriate,and 3 are unsuitable,and the rest are generally appropriate and less suitable.(4)The suitability of most emergency shelters in downtown Shanghai is relatively good,and the most suitable emergency shelters are all planned as Class ? emergency shelters,it shows that the planning and construction of emergency shelters in downtown Shanghai is reasonable.(5)Two of the other three emergency shelters with the least suitability are located in Baoshan District.At present,there are only two emergency shelters in Baoshan District.The service coverage of these two shelters is very small,it is far from enough for the vast area of Baoshan District.,which also reflects the uneven distribution and the inadequacies of the planning of emergency shelters in Shanghai. |
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