Study On The Properties And Phase Behavior Of Imidizing Halogenated Hydrocarbons By Imidazole Surfactant Compound Microemulsion System

This thesis contains four parts. Chapter I. Introduction. Chapter ?. The phase behavior and solubilizations of microemulsion systems containing mixed cationic and anionic surfactants and dense nonaqueous phase liquids. Chapter ?. The phase behavior of the microemulsions containing chlorohydrocarbons and the solubilities of the short-chain alcohol in the microemulsions. Chapter IV. Studies on the thermodynamic properties and structural parameters of the W/O chlorohydrocarbon microemulsions containing mixed surfactants.Chapter ?. IntroductionThe formation, properties and applications of microemulsions were summarized. The phase behavior of microemulsions and its research progress were emphatically introduced. The mixed microemulsion systems containing cationic and anionic surfactants were introduced. The ionic liquid type surfactants were also introduced. Handling nonaqueous phase liquids using microemulsion technologies were also discussed.Chapter ?. The phase behavior and solubilizations of microemulsion systems containing mixed cationic and anionic surfactants and dense nonaqueous phase liquidsThe solubilizations of dense nonaqueous phase liquids trichloroethylene ?TCE?, carbon tetrachloride ?CCl4?,1,2-dichloroethane ?DCE? and perchloroethylene ?PCE? in microemulsions containing mixed surfactants 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (C₁₂mimBr) and sodium dodecyl sulfate ?SLS?, were studied using the ?-? fishlike phase diagram approach. The effects of oil/water mass ratios?a?, NaCl contents ?w? and temperatures ?T? on the phase behavior and physicochemical parameters of the microemulsions were also investigated.1. The three-phase microemulsion systems would form at two XC₁₂mimBr ranges of 0.0-0.1 and 0.8-1.0. Precipitation appeared in the systems at other XC₁₂mimBr ranges ?0.2-0.7?.2. The mixed C₁₂mimBr-SLS microemulsions have higher solubilization ability ?SP*?. Synergistic effect between cationic C₁₂mimBr and anionic SLS surfactants exists. When the XC₁₂mimBr value was about 0.8, the solubilization of PCE reached the maximum.3. The magnitude order of the solubilization abilities, SP*, of the chlorohydrocarbons in the C₁₂mimBr-SLS mixed microemulsions is:TCE>CCl4> PCE>DCE. This would be explained according to the polarity of the chlorinated hydrocarbons.4. As the mass fraction of oil in oil-water mixture ??? values increases, the solubility of the alcohol ??B? decreases, the amount of the surfactant and alcohol in the balanced interfacial layer decrease, resulting in the decrease in both the mass fraction of the alcohol in the interfacial layer ?AS? and SP* values.5. As the NaCl contents and the temperatures increase, the solubilization ability of the chlorohydrocarbons would increase.Chapter ?. The phase behavior of the microemulsions containing chlorohydrocarbons and the solubilities of the short-chain alcohol in the microemulsionsThe solubilities of propan-1-ol in the aqueous and oil phases, the mass fraction of the alcohol in the interfacial layer for the microemulsion systems C₁₂mimBr-SLS (XC₁₂mimBr)/propan-1-ol/chlorohydrocarbon ?PCE, TCE, CCl4?/aqueous NaCl were studied using the optimum microemulsion dilution method. The effects of oil/water mass ratios??? and NaCl contents ?w? on Aw?A0?As were also discussed.1. The solubilities of propan-1-ol in the aqueous phase, Aw,were larger than the solubilities of propan-1-ol in oil phase, A0.2. Comparing to the microemulsion systems containing single surfactant C₁₂mimBr or SLS, the mixed C₁₂mimBr-SLS microemulsion systems has lower Aw? A0?As values. There was strong synergistic effect between cationic and anionic surfactants.3. The order of the solubilities of propan-1-ol in the aqueous phase and oil phase for different microemulsions containing chlorohydrocarbons was:PCE>CCl4>TCE. This was nearly the same with the order of As?the mass fraction of the propan-1-ol in the interfacial layer? values. This order was consistent with the results obtained by using the ?-? fishlike phase diagram approach.4. The Aw?A0?As values all decrease as a values increase.5. The values of Aw?A0?As all decrease as NaCl contents increase.Chapter IV. Studies on the thermodynamic properties and structural parameters of the W/O chlorohydrocarbon microemulsions containing mixed surfactantsThe thermodynamic properties and structural parameters of the microemulsion systems C₁₂mimBr-SLS (XC₁₂mimBr)/propan-1-ol/chlorohydrocarbon ?PCE, TCE, CCl4?/yaqueous NaCl were studied using the W/O microemulsion dilution method. The effects of the molar ratio of water to surfactant ?coo?and NaCl contents ?w? on the values of Xai?Xao and -?Go?io were studied.1. The W/O microemulsion would form at two XC₁₂mimBr ranges 0.0-0.1 and 0.8-1.0.2. The values of Xai?Xao of the mixed C₁₂mimBr-SLS microemulsion systems were lower than those of the microemulsion systems containing single surfactant C₁₂mimBr or SLS. While the -?Go?io values of the mixed C₁₂mimBr-SLS microemulsion systems were higher than those of the microemulsion systems containing single surfactant.3. With the increase of ?₀ values, the values of Xai and Xao increase, whereas-?Go?io decreases. This can be explained as the hydrophilic property of the system increases as the coo increases.4. With the increase of NaCl contents, the values of Xai and Xao decrease, while -?Go?io increase.