Comprehensive Evaluation Of Ecological Environment In Black Soil Area Of ??Songhua River Basin Based On RS And GIS

Based on the Natural Science Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province,Response to the Land Use Change of Soil Erosion in Typical Black Soil Region of Songhua River Basin(D201410),the main work of this study was evaluated the ecological environment of study area,including Harbin,Shangzhi,Yanshou county,A Cheng,Binxian,Hulan district,Lanxi County and Zhaodong.At first,extracting the index of environmental quality's evaluate factors with RS and GIS Technology,this study building one model with the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to evaluating the environmental quality of study area,analysis the Space-time evolution process from 2005 to 2015.Then analyze reasons of these changes in the environmental quality from driving force,pressure and response.Last put forward targeted advice to protect the environment in the factors of resources,population,economic and use for relevant departments.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)Cultivated land and forest land are the main use types land in the study area.In2005,the cultivated land and forest land accounted for 50.49%and 35.37%of the total area respectively,compared with 50.17%and 35.25%in 2015 respectively.Small,and little difference.In the past 10 years,the area of industrial and mining land and water area increased by 153.35 km~2 and 20.24 km~2,respectively.The area of other land area decreased,which was 95.52 km~2,and the forest land was the lowest,only by 9.19 km~2.(2)In 2005 and 2015,the ecological and environmental quality of the study area was 60.32%and 61.66%of the total area of the study area,respectively,and the proportion of the area with excellent quality was 35.08%,35.19%%,The results show that the regional ecological environment quality is generally poor in 10 years,the local area environmental problems are relatively prominent,ecological pressure increases.(3)The change of regional eco-environmental quality grade in 10 years was different.The quality of the"very poor"and"excellent"showed an increasing trend,respectively,520.86 km~2 and 307.17 km~2,"the worst"increase in the largest area,"excellent"area increased from 22.65%to 23.68%,while other quality levels The area showed a decreasing trend,where the rank of"good"was the largest reduction of275.31 km~2.However,the degree of regional eco-environmental quality change is not significant,mainly for the adjacent level changes,cross-level changes in the very few,most of the regional environmental quality level to maintain the status quo,which maintain the original area accounted for 87.73%of the area,And the proportion of reduced area was 7.13%and 5.14%,respectively,and the proportion of increase and decrease of grade was 6.80%and 4.74%respectively.(4)The distribution pattern of the overall eco-environmental quality of the study area showed a certain spatial differentiation.In 2005,the spatial pattern of eco-environmental quality showed the trend of"East and West",and in 2015,The better the better,the worse the poor"spatial pattern of state,10 years of ecological environment quality showing a"Dongshengxi down"the evolution of the trend.(5)During the past 10 years,the ecological environment quality of the local area showed a certain difference.The improvement of the ecological environment quality in the Shangshi City and Yanshou County in the east was obvious.The quality of the ecological environment in the central city of A Cheng,Binxian,Hashi and Hulan counties decreased.The environmental quality of the urban area and Binxian County changed from good to bad,and the quality of regional ecological environment deteriorated.The deterioration of ecological environment quality was higher in the Hashi area and Hulan county,and the western Zhaodong and Lanxi counties From bad to poor,ecological deterioration is obvious,the degradation of ecological environment is not optimistic.