| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are a group of fused ring aromatic compounds that are formed during the incomplete combustion of organic material.PAHs have generated considerable interest ever since they were recognized as a carcinogenic class of compounds in the late twenties.Dietary intake of PAHs constitutes a major source of human exposure.PAHs occur as contaminants in various food categories including vegetables,fruits,meats,cereals,oils,milk,etc.Recent epidemiological studies have revealed that dietary exposure to PAHs is associated with an increased risk of some human cancers.Linfen is an old industrial city of China,due to high intensity of pollutant emission,special geographical location and adverse weather conditions,Linfen becomes one of the most polluted cities in China and PAHs may have been a threat to the health of local residents.Thus,obtaining the cancer risk level of citizens in Linfen associated with the dietary intake of PAHs is essential for effective environmental management.However,no such information is currently available,leaving a great information gap.Thirty kinds of eight categories of foods,which were widely consumed by the population of Linfen,were sampled in January 2015 and the concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector.The incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)and margin of exposure(MOE)approaches were used to quantitatively estimate the carcinogenic risk.The highest level of total PAHs was detected in chicken(169.62 ng/g),followed by fish(162.45 ng/g),pork(161.31 ng/g)and beef and mutton(133.09 ng/g)whereas the lowest concentration was found in milk(35.59 ng/g)and fruits(34.10 ng/g).3-rings-PAHs was dominated in the food samples,and the others in decreasing order were 2-rings-PAHs,4-rings-PAHs,5-rings-PAHs and 6-rings-PAHs.Source analysis suggested that foodstuffs had been polluted to some extent.The median values of BaP-exposure were estimated to be 9.22,6.37,5.49 and 5.05 ng kg-1·d-1 for children,adolescents,adults and seniors of male,respectively,the median values of PAH4-exposure were estimated to be 102.76,70.77,63.23 and 59.44 ng kg-1·d-1 for children,adolescents,adults and seniors of male,respectively,and the median values of B[a]Peq-exposure were estimated to be 19.39,13.35,11.79 and 10.99 ng kg-1·d-1.According to age,the ranking of BaP-exposure,PAH4-exposure and B[a]Peq-exposure in decreasing order was:children,adolescents,adults and seniors for both males and females.With respect to gender,males showed a little high exposure values than females in all age group.Cereals made most contribution to BaP-exposure,PAH4-exposure and B[a]Peq-exposure,which is 50.3%,62.8%and 57.8%,respectively,followed by pork and beef&mutton,egg and milk least.BaP-MOE value was greater than 10,000 which indicated that there was no carcinogenic risk for local residents under the current consumption amount of food,whereas BaP-MOE value was lower than 10,000 which indicated that there was a potential carcinogenic risk for local residents.According to age,the ranking of MOE values in decreasing order was:seniors,adults,adolescents,children,and for both males and females.With respect to gender,males showed a little low exposure values than females in all age group.The median values of ILCR were estimated to be 1.45×10-5,1.03× 10-5,5.37×10-5 and 1.15×10-5 for children,adolescents,adults and seniors of male,respectively,and that for the above groups of female were determined to be 1.38×10-5,9.17×10-6,5.20×10-5,1.13×10-5 respectively.The mean values of ILCRs for all groups fell within the range of 10-6?10-5,indicating a potential carcinogenic risk for local residents under the current consumption amount of food.According to age,the ILCR values of adults were higher than others groups for both males and females.With respect to gender,males showed a little higher exposure values than females in all age group. |
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