The Effect Of MP And EP Blending On The Progeny And Progeny Of Female Flies

Because paraben has the characteristics of tasteless,broad-spectrum antibacterial,pH stability,low cost and relatively safe and so on,it is currently widely used incosmetic,foodstuff,drug and so on.The paraben exposured to the environment is more and more,and has been detected in the water,soil,dust,air and so on,Parabens have also been identified as endocrine disrupting substances(EDCs).Parabens have been shown that they have estrogen and antiandrogen effects,affecting the development and reproduction of organisms.Our lab previously was studied monoester influence on fruit flies.In this study,Drosophila was exposed in the concentration group(300 mg·L-1,700 mg·L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1)and control group.In the physiological level,we measured the developmental stages,the rate of pupation and eclosion of F1,F2,and the female fecundity of F0,F1 and F2.In the molecular level,we measured the expression levels in passway of Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling(?S)and Target of Rapamycin(TOR)related genes(dilp3,Foxo,AKH and S6K)in F0,F1,F2 unmatched and mating fruit flies(unmatched flies meaning Fn-0,mating 1 d meaning Fn-1,mating 3 d meaning Fn-3,mating 5 d meaning Fn-5,and n meaning the generations).The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)1000 mg L-1 of MP + EP significantly prolonged the developmental cycle of F1 Drosophila,while the Drosophila of F2 developmental cycle was shorter than F1.In other words,with the increase of generation exposed to MP+EP,the toxicity of paraben was decreased.Dro.sophila continuous exposure of MP + EP,its toxicity is not always accumulated in the body.It may be metabolized the parabens.So it can reduce its toxicity.(2)If Drosophila exposed to MP + EP for three consecutive generations,F0 fruit flies showed the highest toxicity,causing the egg laying number was little.F0 generates some memory lead to consume little parabens of F1,F2.They showed the estrogen effect,and added the egg number.The flies egg number of 300 mg·L-1 was more than control group in F2.But 700 mg·L-1,1000 mg·L-1 was less than control group in F2.It indicates 300 mg L-1 can promote the laying eggs,but 700 mg·L-1,1000 mg·L-1 reduce the laying eggs.(3)The expression of dilp3 in F1-0,F1-3,F1-5 300 mg·L-1 concentration groups were higher than control group,and the concentration of 700 mg·L-1,1000 mg·L-1 expression dilp3 were lower than control group in F2.It indicates that Drosophila long-term exposure to 700 mg·L-1,1000 mg·L-1MP + EP have a toxic effect.And dilp3 was low expression.(4)The Foxo expression of F2-3,F2-5 300 mg L-1 concentration group were respectively higher than F1-3,F1-5,indicating Foxo expression of Drosophila continuous exposed to 300 mg·L-1 of MP + EP will be high.F1-1,F2-5 of 700 mg·L-1 concentration were respectively below than F0-1,F1-5,respectively.Foxo expression of 1000 mg·L-1 concentration of F1-1,F1-3,F2-5 was respectively below than F0-1 F0-3 F1-5,indicating that Drosophila long-term exposed to 700 mg·L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1 concentration of MP + EP restrain Foxo expression.(5)The S6K expression showed a decreasing trend in F2-1,F2-3 and F2-5 of 700 mg·L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1 concentration.The results showed that the concentration of 700 mg L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1 were low S6K expression.(6)TheAKH expression of 300 mg·L-1 F0-5,F1-0,F1-3,F2-0 and F2-5 were higher than control group,indicating the concentration of 300 mg·L-1 promote AKH expression.The AKH expression of 700 mg·L-1 1000 mg L-1 were below the control group in F2.The results showed that the concentration of 700 mg L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1 inhibited AKH expression in Drosophila melanogaster.Above all,fruit flies long-term exposed to 300 mg·L-1 of MP + EP showed that had estrogen effect and added the egg numbers.The expression gene of Foxo,AKH and S6K was high expression in the concentration of 300 mg·L-1.The fruit flies long-term exposed to 700 mg·L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1 of MP + EP were toxic,and extended the development cycle,and reduced egg numbers.The results showed that the concentration of 700 mg·L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1 inhibited dilp3,Foxo,AKH,S6K expression in Drosophila melanogaster.The fruit fly long-term exposed to parabens can affect the growth,reproduction,gene expression and disorder of ?S pathway,TOR pathway regulation,and the toxicity of paraben need further study.