| ObjectivesThrough the systematic and in-depth study of Wang Gugu’s academic thoughts,we could clarify the development of the core theory of Yishui School,figure out the contribution of Wang Gugu in it,and fill the gap in the study of Yishui School’s theory.As a result,we can deepen our understanding of Zhang and Li’s theories,and then explain the changes from Zhang and Li’s theories to Xue and Zhao’s theories.MethodsThis study is mainly based on the literary analysis of the four books:Yi Lei Yuan Rong,Yin Zheng LueLi,Tang Ye Ben CaoandCi Shi Nan Zhi.Rather than studying a physician in isolation,we study Mr.Wang’s theory from the perspective of the formation and development of the YishuiSchool.Through the detailed analysis of Wang’s related theories and prescriptions,we can present the vertical development of a certain doctrine and viewpoint,from which we can figure out the role and status of Wang’s theory in the academic development of Yishui School.Specifically speaking,in the part of Visceral syndrome differentiation theory,the research will focus on the specific theories of "middle energizer cold syndrome" and "cold evil invading kidney".By constructing the complete picture of these theories,this paper expounds the inheritance and development of Wang Haogu’s theory to Yishui’sVisceral syndrome differentiation theory.In the aspect of prescription theory,it is through the analysis and summary of Wang’s clinical experience,to show Wang’s inheritance and development to the Yi school.In the part of typhoid fever theory,through the analysis of the theoretical points of Wang’s theory of "the unification of internal weaknesses and exogenous diseases",we can understand how Yishui School played its role in reference to ZhangZhongjing’s theory.ResultsFirst,WangHaogu experienced wars and migrations and also undergone the unification and the alien domination,which has made its medical practice an obvious mark of military life and national integration.The Confucianism innovation and the academic debate in TCM during Song and Jin Dynasties formed the environments for the growth of Wang Haogu,which helped Wang Haogudevelop a strong ability of independent thinking and theoretical summary.Secondly,on the theory of visceral syndrome differentiation,Zhang Yuansu focuses on the pathogenesis of cold and heat of the viscera,emphasizing the role of the vital energy in the development of disease.LiDongyuan proposed "the spleen and stomach theory",and developed the theory of treating visceral weakness from the spleen and stomach.On the basis of fully inheriting Zhang and Li’s theories,Wang Haogu elaborated on the pathogenesis,treatment and medication in different stages of development of "middle energizer cold syndrome",so that the internal weakness theory centered on the spleen and stomach of Yishui School tends to perfect.After that Wang Haogu shifted from middle energizer to lower energizer,elaborating on two kinds of syndromes of "cold evil invading kidney" and his treatment experiences,which was the beginning of the research of kidney and life gate and promoted the transfer of research center after the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.Thirdly,Zhang’s ascending-descending-floating-sinking theory,drug classification theory and meridian tropism theory matched properly with his visceral syndrome differentiation theory.His disciples Li Dongyuan made full application of these theories in clinical practice,and then created a number of prescriptions with laws of addition and subtraction according to the change of seasons and syndromes.On the basis of Zhang and Li,Wang Guguang further explored pharmacology,deepened the understanding of the medicinal properties and made the clinical application of the medicaments more flexible.In addition,Wang Haogu also had unique insights on dosage forms,medication and prescription preparation,which enriched the Yishui School’s clinical medication.Fourthly,WangHaogu was a master of the Yishui School in the study of typhoid fever.He established the syndrome differentiation system and the prescription system featured with six meridians governing internal weaknesses and exogenous diseases,which realized the integration of syndrome differentiation of the six meridians and viscera syndrome differentiation.ConclusionsZhang Yuansu systematically expounded the Visceral syndrome differentiation theory and the viscera medication theory,put forward the views of "Strengthen your stomach and the indigestion will disappear ","Ancient prescriptions doesn’t match today’s diseases”and so on,profoundly influenced the medical exploration of later physicians.Based on the study of Zhang’s theory,Li Dongyuan creatively expounded the theory of differentiation of internal weaknesses and exogenous diseases and the spleen and stomach theory.WangHaogu fully inherited the academic achievements of Zhang Yuansu and Li Dongyuan and reached a new height in the Visceral syndrome differentiation theory and prescription medicine theory.The development of Yishui School has now entered a period of periodical summarization,which was mainly completed by Wang Haogu.In the aspect of Visceral syndrome differentiation theory,Wang Haogu elaborated the theory of "middle energizer cold syndrome" and "cold evil invading kidney",so that the focus of Yishui School’s research turned from the middle energizer to the lower energizer.In the aspect of pharmacy theory,Wang Haogu explored the mechanism of drugs in depth and enriched the clinical medication.In the aspect of typhoid fever,Wang Haogu integrated the syndrome differentiation of the six meridians and viscera syndrome differentiation together.After that,the academic characteristics of Yishui School changed significantly,which means the focus of research shifted from the spleen and stomach to the kidney and life gate,and the features of medication changed from relative equilibrium to warming.Therefore,XueJi,Zhao Xianke,Zhang Jingyue and other masters ofYishui School lived in Ming and Qing Dynasties are generally called Warming School. |
