Qian Daxuan's Study On The Achievements Of Linguistics In The "Ten Driving And Raising New Record"

In Qianjia period of the Qing dynasty, Qian Daxin, as ‘a Confucian master', was proud learned and rich in works. From the academic background, characters, phonology and exegesis four aspects, we sorted out the book of Shi jia zhai yang xin lu which is accumulated many years of academic reading notes by Qian Daxin, in order to reflect the language achievement of this book as far as possible.The first chapter showed the social and personal growth environment influence on Qian Daxin' academic research by starting with his life, and also summarized his works from the historical, stone, language and astronomy,etc.The second chapter mainly discussed Qian Daxin's textual research achievement in this book from ‘the summary of Shuo wen jie zi style', ‘interpretation of literature by using Shuo wen jie zi', ‘pointed out the inadequate of former research of Shuo wen jie zi' and ‘the study of arrangement' four aspects restively. Qian Daxin explained the trait of “draw inferences about other cases from one instance”, “Lian Zhuandu” in Shuo wen through the example, using the method of analogy. He also pointed out “the text is different” phenomenon in the process of books' teaching according to the referenced derivatives. Qian Daxin abled to interpreted literature taking advantage of Shuo wen, pointing out the guise of a word, the variant Chinese character, the ancient and modernwords, ect. He also pointed out the shortage of the former research of Shuo wen through the textual research, collacting, mading its own contribution dor reducing the book. In the Shi jia zhai yang xin lu, Qian Daxin also had a study of popular form of characters in the Tang and Song dynasty, examining some changes of the ancient and modern meaning, and pointed out that one reason was that “lend for its common”.The third chapter was mainly focused on phonological research of Qian Daxin in the book, including sound, rhyme, harmonic, and opposite four parts. Not only discussed the general theory that we familiar such as the ancient without light lip, tongue and lingual sounds, but also probed into questions such like the similarities and differences of tang and song rhyme, authour of Ping shui yun, the rhyme of Shi jing and origin of four tones. Qian Daxin analyzed the difference of Tang and Song Yun by comparing the categories of Guang Yun and Ji Yun. He thought that the author of Ping shui yun is Wang Wenyu. For the problem of rhymes in the Shi jing, he put forward two kinds of new ideas “in verse rhyme”, “double sound and rhyme”. In addition, Qian Daxin's researches in tone and methods is relatively little, mainly concentrating in the origin of four tones, Fanqie, using the ancient dialect on the methods of study, ect.The fourth chapter primarily expounded the Xun Gu study of Qian Daxin from seeking meaning by tone, distinguish folk adage words and cultural studies three aspects. Qian Daxin searched for meaning in exegetical practice using dialect, pay attention to textual criticism colloquial words and study the knowledge of ancient surnames and taboo, which is fairly helpful to today's work. Qian Qaxin's main achievements in the field of exegetics is the “clear the voice, break the phonetic loan characters”, he searched for meaning using old Chinese phonology, well versed in suppletives group and corrected error in the Buddhism. He also paid attention to do textual research on folk adages, studied the beginning and semantic change of slang words, ect. In addition, Qian Daxin solved some problems in the ancient books using the relevant knowlsdge of ancient surnames, taboo,providing the help for us to study ancient books.