A Study Of Gender Role Differences Between Emotional Empathy And Cognitive Empathy

Empathy is a complex and multidimensional psychological phenomenon,which is closely connected with our daily life.Researchers have been concentrating on empathy as a unified dimension,and few studies have divided empathy into emotional empathy and cognitive empathy.Furthermore,there is no unified conclusion on the study of gender differences in empathy,so this paper introduces the concept of gender roles.Gender role,covering a wider range,is different from gender,which including both the impact of physiological factors and the impact of social and cultural environment.Compared to gender,gender role may be better to explain the differences in individual empathy.For this reason,this paper takes the gender role as the independent variable,and tries to explore the gender effect of individual empathy through the subjective and objective measurement of emotional empathy and cognitive empathy.Expectations can help enrich and improve the theory of empathy in this field,but also better promote the development of individual interpersonal and social harmony.This paper consists of three studies.Study 1 adopted two scales--Chinese Version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI)which compiled by Rong Xing and Sun Binghai and others and Gender Roles of Chinese students which compiled by Liu Dianzhi and others(CSRI-50).The two scales take college students as the research object to study the subjective measurement of the subjective emotion under the emotional empathy and cognitive empathy of the gender role effect.In study 2,the experimental method was used to study the emotional effects of the emotional emotions of the subjects by allowing the subjects to observe the two kinds of titled video fragments to induce the emotional emotions of the subjects.In study 3,the experimental method was also used to study the different gender roles of subjects in the cognitive empathy whether there are differences through the audio-type mantra recognition task.The conclusions are as follows:(1)In the questionnaire survey under self-report,the gender roles of the bisexual and feminine individuals are significantly higher than the masculine individual in both the emotional empathy and the cognitive empathy,and the bisexual and feminine individual is no significant difference.(2)In the emotional sentiment based on the video task,the emotional sympathy of the feminine personality is significantly higher than that of the bisexual individual,however,the emotional sentiment of the bisexual individual is significantly higher than the masculine individual.(3)There is no gender role difference in the cognitive empathy of the audio-type mantra recognition task.(4)Based on the results of the three studies,it is concluded that gender role is the ideal index that affects the difference of empathy compared to gender.