Bakrovsky's Semantic Study

Semantics is a branch of linguistics, which studies the meaning of linguistics. It belongs to one of the leading disciplines of language research. From the mid-19th century,Russian scholars began to study Russian semantics from different perspectives. At the end of the 19th century, Russian scholars introduced the German and French semantics theories and methods. Since then,despite a series of achievements,but the Russian semantic research has been included in the lexology and lexicology. Until the 1960s, Russian semantics became an independent discipline, in the 1970s the formation of the world influence of the "Moscow Semantic School."As the pioneer of Russian semantics, Bakelowski first introduced semantics at the end of the 19th century, and his "Semantics in classical language "(Master’s thesis, 1895)focused on his theory and method of semantics, this opening up the study of Russian historical semantics. So far, the Russian scholars on Bakelovsky’s semantic study only scattered discussion, the Chinese scholars on the history of Russian semantics more attention. Therefore, it is not only possible to fill the gaps in the history of Russian semantics, but also can be conducive to the refinement of world semantics, which is of great theoretical value in the study of Bakelowski’s theory of semantics.The research of this thesis is based on the research position of Russian semantics history,translating Bakelowski’s main semantics of Russian original works into Chinese.From this, the analysis of his theory, found his original theoretical connotation. And compares his theory with the related European early semantic theory,and makes a more objective and fair evaluation of the original semantic value.First of all, in the context of European semantic thought, we introduces Bakelowski’s academic life and the main semantics; secondly,discusses the general semantic theory of Bakelowski, the conceptual category theory of lexical classification, and semantic evolution theory. Finally, we chooses the main representative scholars of Germany and France at the end of the 19th century, such as the theory of semantics proposed by Breaer, Damien Teter and Schroeder. On this basis, Bakelowski’s semantics research was evaluated.The main findings of this paper are as follows: First, Bakelowski proposed the conceptual category theory from the perspective of synchronicity, trying to establish the lexical semantic system on this basis. This theory is universal. The lexical system of the conceptual category is similar to the semantic field theory proposed in the 1930s. The conceptual category theory can be regarded as the pre-exploration of semantic field theory.Second, as an important way of evolution of lexical meaning, lexical association theory not only analyzes the meaning of words, but also breaks out the rules of meaning changes from time to time. Bakelowski lists a large number of Indo-European facts, and proves the direct argument and indirect argument of its existence. Thirdly, Bakelowski summarizes the metaphorical meaning of metonymic meaning and similar association realized by the association, aiming at the evolution of lexical meaning and the mechanism of lexical evolution. The law of evolution, in the Indo-European language to get a lot of examples of verification.In short, Bakelowski’s semantic theory not only has the pioneering significance to the development of Russian semantics, but also has important theoretical research value for the further study of Russian semantics and semantic history.