| An alliance refers to an coordination agreement on military action established by two or more countries as the main body of the behavior,aiming at certain target for maintaining national security and interests.According to the national strength,purpose of alliance and the internal operation of alliance,alliance can be divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical alliance,offensive and defensive alliance,controlled and cooperative alliance.Influenced by different cultures,alliance in China and the west has different practice and meaning and evolves along the history.Alliance in China was divided into four stages.(1)In China's Qin Dynasty,a unified multi-ethnic country is still in the formative stage.There are many alliance phenomena of “opposite theories of vertical and horizontal alliance of states,law of the jungle between each state”;(2)The Qin Dynasty realized anti-feudal system and formed a unified centralized state,and China has formed the vortex model that did not rely on the initiative to expand but to attract the neighboring countries.Besides,China's world outlook gradually became mature and affected the transformation of the concept of alliance.The alliance in this stage was defensive and cooperative.China was in a vulnerable position in war,so it took the initiative to ally with other nations to realize peace and promote national integration through means of economy and trade.(3)From the modern times,faced with western aggression,China had to adopt the western way of alliance,and used the strategy of “play off one power against another” to maintain its survival and benefit.(4)After the founding of the PRC,China has made a long and firm effort for the non-aligned policy.During the cold war,faced with the hegemony of the two superpowers,China chose to ally with the Soviet Union but firmly opposed the Soviet Union's control over our country through the alliance and insisted on China's independence.With the development of China and the evolution of the international environment,China began to carry out the non-aligned foreign policy since the 1980 s.Alliance in the west can be divided into three stages:(1)Before the modern times,the alliance among western countries was similar to that of the Pre-Qin Period in China,which relied on the law of the jungle.The feudal system led to the western division,thus the transformation of western alliance was quite different from that of China.(2)At the end of the nineteenth Century,the western countries changed from free capitalism to imperialism,and brought about the transformation of alliance.The alliance in this period was symmetrical,expansive and cooperative: western empires of the same type formed an alliance in order to realize the overseas expansion of their own power,coordinate the interests of each other and divide spheres of influence.(3)After the World War II,the western alliance transformed into a new model of asymmetrical,expansive and controlled alliance.During the cold war,the United States and the Soviet Union,known as the "Anti-colonial New Powers",established an alliance,thus,the meaning of alliance became that the United States and the Soviet Union “controlled” the original colonial countries to seize their own interests.After the cold war,the United States used military and economic means to maintain a huge alliance system,and continued to control other countries through alliances to obtain benefits.The current international order dominated by the West and the globalization are facing new problems with the emerging countries constantly developing.We should examine the relationship between the essence of alliance and the world.Non-alignment policy is the bottom line of China's diplomatic ethics while China respects the autonomous right of other countries.The essence of the current alliance is no longer a diplomatic way of balance of power,and China's wise way of win-win cooperation and the global community of destiny will be conducive to the common development of China and the world. |
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