Research On The Characteristics Of Technical And Tactical Skills And Development Trend Of Excellent Men's Singles Table Tennis Players In China

The revolution of new rules of International Table Tennis Federation(ITTF)breaks the long-term train-pattern which was build up by Chinese National Men's Table Tennis Team.Original technical and tactical systems are no longer conformed with the new rules.Changes of materials and the ball's size have further narrowed the competitive level of man's table tennis teams between China and other countries.The current situation shows that in order to remain the leading-class in the world,Chinese National Men's Table Tennis Team should try to find new ways of training and improve the technical and tactical systems according to the new rules revolution.The main purpose of this research is to analyze the techs and tactics which are used by Chinese first-class men's singles athletes in contests,and to conclude the reasons of point gaining and losing.This process helps to understand players' techs and tactics,and to discuss the reasons of the technical and tactical changes.The research also aims to find out some measures for improving technical and tactical systems with deep analysis and exploration on some problems raised by new rules and the developing trend of technical and tactical system.With the integration of several methods such as documentation,expert interview,video observation,‘three-phase appraisal' method,mathematical statistics etc.,the study analyses the observation statistics of totally 32 competitions between four Chinese first-class men's singles table tennis players: Zhangjike,Malong,Xuxin and Huangzhenyan.The statistics involves in 166 formal rounds.Results are as follows:1.Chinese first-class men's singles table tennis players serve mainly on the forehand side and the middle.Although the backhand serve is less-used,the scoring rate of backhand serve is the highest among the three lines.And the usage rates of forehand serve and middle serve have highly significant difference.The usage rate of backhand serve(p<0.05)is significantly difference.The scoring rates of forehand serve(p<0.05)and backhand serve have significantly difference.2.With regard to the placement of serve,usage rates of near-net short ball and bottom-line ball have significantly difference.Scoring rate of near-net short ball(p<0.01)is significantly different.Statistics show that C put the placement of serve mainly on near-net short area,accompanied with placement within half-table area.Sometimes they may attack the bottom-line area which indicates the best serve effect.3.Usage rates of sound-attack techs and controlling techs on return of serve have significantly difference.According to the statistics,Zhangjike and Huang zhenyan sight more on sound-attack on return of serve,while Malong and Xuxin sight more on controlling to crate good opportunity for the next attack.Among the controlling techs,the scoring rate of drop shot(p<0.05)is significantly different,Malong and Xuxin have better scoring effect on using drop shot.4.On the first return after their serve(also called the third board),by using attacking techs,usage rates of forehand drive,smash and other techs(p<0.01)have significantly difference.By using controlling techs,usage rate of cutting,swaying and other techs have significantly difference.Scoring rate of drop shot(p<0.01),forehand and backhand stick and block have significantly difference.5.On the second return after the return of serve(also called the fourth board),by using attacking techs,usage rates of backhand drive and backhand smash,side drive and side smash have highly significantly difference.Usage rate of forehand drive and smash(p<0.05)is significantly difference.By using controlling techs,usage rates of forehand and backhand stick and block,balloon(p<0.01)have highly significantly difference.Usage rate of drop shot(p<0.05)is significantly different.6.In the stalemate stage,usage rate of attack techs is higher than that of controlling techs.In positive stalemate,usage rates of backhand drive and smash,side drive and smash have significantly difference,while in the negative stalemate,usage rates of balloon defense,forehand and backhand stick and block have significantly difference.And scoring rate of balloon(p<0.0.)is significantly difference.7.Among all the three stages,usage rate and scoring rate of receiving combat state(p<0.01)have significantly difference.And Xuxin's usage rate is the highest.Malong's scoring rate is the highest.But in the stage of service sound attack and the stalemate,usage rate and scoring rate of receiving combat state(p>0.05)have no significantly difference.8.Usage rates and scoring rates between pen-hold grip players and handshake grip players have no significantly difference.In the service sound attack stage,pen-hold grip players score remarkably higher than the handshake grip players.In the receiving combat state,handshake grip players score remarkably higher than pen-hold grip players while usage rate is totally opposite.There is no significantly difference on the service sound attack and stalemate.9.Handshake grip players' scoring techs mostly are twist drive within-table area,forehand and backhand drive and smash.Score-losing tech is chop within-table area.Pen-hold grip players score more while using side drive and smash,backhand drive and smash,lose more scores while handling the short ball and using the defensive skills with forehand and backhand.10.The application of new seamless plastic ping-pong ball has caused a great change on the ball's spin,speed and elasticity.The increased weight weakens the spin of the ball.As a result,service lines become more varied with the combination of long and short.Besides,return of serve delivers more active attacks because ankles are beyond 360° of the whole table.Thus the attacking skills tend to be diverse.The change of the third board is that it tend to be sound attack conscious on comprehensive forehand and backhand skills,with the characteristics of fast and strong.The fourth board has a conscious change from defense to offense,and the controlling techs need to be proactive.Because of the faster transition of defense and offense,both excellent defensive and offensive skills are the direction of development of technical and tactic pattern in the stalemate stage.Generally,the technical and tactic skills are becoming more strong,fast,transitional and comprehensive.