Students' Functional Characteristics And Intervention Studies In Mathematics Learning Difficulties

Students with difficulty in math study are a group of students who have no obvious physical handicap and mental retardation,but in realistic math tasks,their grades are lower than those of normal students.Executive function is closely related to many of the advanced psychological functions of human beings.The research shows that the defects in the three sub-components of executive function(inhibition,refresh and transformation)are the important reasons for students' difficulty in mathematics learning.And in working memory training,the training aimed at controlling the focus of attention,namely the training of three sub-components(inhibition,refresh and transformation)of the executive function,,the function of training also has a research certificate can not only improve executive function,also can promote students' fluid intelligence and math skills.The first study mainly investigate mathematics learning difficulties students and mathematics learning excellent students perform function characteristics and executive function of mathematical ability prediction.This study was based on students from a primary school in Shanghai,37 students with difficulty in math study and 33 students with excellent mathematics,70 students totally.Inhibition in the sub-components of the executive function: the Stroop task and the Flanker task,Refresh: vision 1-back task and vision 2-back task,Conversion: numeric conversion task for size conversion task and letter case conversion task;Fluid intelligence: Raven advanced reasoning test;Mathematical ability: numerical computation,mathematical fluency and mathematical problem solving these basic tasks as test materials.The results of the study show that: 1.The executive function of students with difficulty in mathematics learning is significantly lower than that of the excellent students in mathematics,mathematics learning difficulty students universality defects in executive function,2.Mathematics learning difficulty students there is relationship between executive function and mathematical ability,and executive function has predictive effect on mathematical ability.The specific performance is :(1)there are differences in the accuracy and reaction time of the students in mathematics learning difficulties and the excellent students in mathematics learning;(2)the mathematics learning difficult student's executive function and mathematical ability has significant correlation(r = 0.57 ~ 0.34),and the mathematics learning excellent student'sexecutive function and mathematical ability has significant correlation(r = 0.36 ~0.40);(3)the refresh function of students with difficulty in mathematics learning to explain the mathematical ability variation rate between 27 ~ 37%,the refresh function of students with excellent in mathematics learning to explain the mathematical ability variation rate between 11 ~ 13%.The second study mainly investigate mathematics learning difficulties students and mathematics learning excellent students have a migration effect on their executive function,fluid intelligence and mathematical ability through executive function training.The study was conducted at a Shanghai primary school,37 students with difficulty in mathematics learning,33 outstanding students in mathematics,a total of70 students were enrolled in the study.Among them,18 students with math difficulties,16 excellent students in mathematics,a total of 34 students in the training group.19 students with difficulty in mathematics learning,17 outstanding students in mathematics,a total of 36 students in the control group.The previous test results adopted the data of study 1.The students in the training group were trained 25 times,2-3 times a week,and 15-20 minutes each time,as a tool for intervention with the number of digital axis tasks,active memory tasks and digital conversion tasks.After training,the 70 students in the training group and the control group were tested,and the post-test material was the same as the pretest material.Through repeated measurement analysis found that:(1)after the training,the mathematical learning difficulties students in the training group to their executive function,fluid intelligence and mathematical ability of the correct number : in addition to the Flanker task(F =1.97,p = 0.17),and 1-back task(F = 2.37,p = 0.13)on time and group was not significant,the interaction time and group interaction on other projects have reached the significant level;(2)after the training,the mathematical learning difficulties students in the training group to their executive functions,the fluid intelligence and mathematical ability of reaction time: in addition to the Flanker task(F = 0.11,p =0.74),and 1-back task(F = 0.30,p = 0.59)tasks on time and group was not significant,the interaction time and group interaction on other projects have reached the significant level;(3)after the training,the mathematical learning excellent students in the training group to their executive function,fluid intelligence and mathematical ability of the correct number : in addition to the Flanker task(F = 0.65,p = 0.43),1-back task(F = 1.42,p = 0.24),and the size of the number of conversion(F = 0.85,p = 0.37),fluid intelligence(F = 1.44,p = 0.24)and computing fluency(F= 0.75,p = 0.39)on time and group was not significant,the interaction time and group interaction on other projects have reached the significant level;(4)after the training,the mathematical learning excellent students in the training group to their executive function,fluid intelligence and mathematical ability of the reaction time:only in the Stroop task(F = 9.51,p = 0.00)and 2-back task(F = 6.17,p = 0.02)on time and group interactions are reached the significant level.To sum up,the students who have difficulty in mathematics learning and the number of excellent students have significant differences in executive function.The function of executive function and mathematical ability have correlation and refresh function has predictive effect on mathematical ability;Mathematics learning difficulties and mathematics learning excellent students have the effect of near and far migration after functional training.