Research On Global Value Chains Governance Of High-speed Railway

With the evolution of global production networks,the international division of labor comes from inter-product to intra-product.The world's leading multinational high-speed railway companies,such as Siemens,control the enterprises embedded in the value chain low-end and to seize the commanding heights of the value chain.Through the production system of decomposition and low added value outsourcing,they hold high value-added R&D,brand management and other key links to form global value chain division of labor.Since 2012,we have actively implemented the high-speed railway "going out"strategy,try to cut the increasingly prosperous market share.As the introduction of digestion and innovation,facing the original lack of core technology subject,low value-added products plight,high-speed railway,actively participating in and becoming the managers of global value chains should be an urgent problem for china's high-speed railway.The global value chain governance theory with governance as the core can well explain and analyze this phenomenon.So,this paper takes the global value chains as the analysis frame,focuses on the global value chain governance mechanism summary,analyzes the hierarchical governance of Germany and France,the modular governance of Japan and the role of enterprises,governments,associations and enterprises in the governance system,and constructs a global value chain governance performance evaluation system for Siemens,Alstom,Kawasaki Heavy Industries and NRRC,and then put forward high-speed railway global value chain management path to upgrade the direction.This paper has the following conclusions:(1)The global value chain governance of high-speed railway is to master the core technology of governance,through the establishment of multinational enterprises and export standardization system,control distribution and coordination chain enterprises production and value distribution,to achieve the maximum value of governance under the premise of maximization the share of the main.(2)The global value chains governance system of high-speed railway consists of integrated enterprises,key equipment and parts manufacturers,association,other internal and external governance body.Integrated enterprise is the core of the whole governance system.It can not only capture the internal rent in the chain of conventional value,but also internalize the external rent such as government subsidy,and realize the excess return.(3)The global value chains of the world high-speed railway generally shows the transition from hierarchical governance to modularized governance,from government-led governance to enterprise-dominated governance,from the whole value chain participation to the R&D,after-sales and other upstream downstream point links and master the international standard of high-speed railway is the embodiment of core competitiveness.(4)High-speed railway global value chains governance level of leading enterprises can be reflected through the management performance value.The study found that CRRC in the global value chains performance value is 0.68,and ranked third.Siemens,Alstom and Kawasaki Heavy Industries,respectively,the performance value of 0.98,0.71,0.48 rank first,second,fourth,CRRC in the global value chain accounted for a small,low-added value,but the key technologies and core spare parts and other high value-added part of developing rapidly.(5)The global value chains governance path upgrading content of China's high-speed railway is to strengthen the core elements of concentration to promote product upgrades;cooperation with leading enterprises to promote the process of upgrading;domestic and foreign value chain linkage to promote the functional upgrade;and push on internal and external governance,to achieve chain upgrade.