Research On The Pricing Mechanism Of Natural Gas In China

Fog weather in our country is increasingly serious in recent yeas,especially in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,fog red warning and fog yellow warning are frequent.The Chinese government and all people have the same consistents that optimize the energy stucture,and control the related energy such as oil and coal strictly in the proportion of energy utilization,and reduce the related energy such as oil and coal strictly in the proportion of energy utilization,and improve the use of clean energy.Due to the use of natural gas to provise more heat and produce less pollution and low emissions under the same quality,expanding the use of nutural gas is agreed.But now the gas market in China is not fully opened.The use of natural gas has many defects,especially in the problems existing in the natural gas pricing mechanism.Natural gas prices set by the government in our country.The wellhead price of natural gas in the upstream developmet market in China and the middle pipeline market price of pipeline shall be formulated by the national development and reform commission.The city distribution price in the downstream placement market sets by the local price bureau.The government sets the price of natural gas on the basis of cost,which is determined by the cost plus a certain percentage of the profits reported ty the enterprise.China's natural gas market is monopolized by the petrochina,sinopec and cnooc.In the monopoly nutural gas market,the development of the nutural gas market will be hindered if the natural gas price is too high.If the natural gas price is too low,the nutural gas market will appear "gas shortage" in the monopoly nutural gas market.The monopoly in the nutural gas market puts off the normal operation of the market and the development of the use of natural gas.The monopoly nutural gas market in our country has not adapt to the development of Chinese characteristic socialism market economy status,and distupts the market competition and hinders the development of natural gas in China.The thesis studies the principle and the method of gas pricing at home and abroad,and the development of the international natural gas market,and the constantly improved pricing theory of natural gas.The thesis accounts for the basises of China's natural gas pricing theory.From the development of the natural gas market in our country and the present situation of operation management,we will explore the direction of future reform in nutural gas pricing mechanism.In petrochina,for example,we wil study the effect of monopoly on China's natural gas pricing mechanism.The thesis researches the oil in assets and the earning quality anylysis in petrochina,and compares the oil and financial date between petrochina and the international oil companies from assets,revenue,profit,return on sales analysis,assets profit margins,etc.The total assets of petrochina and the total scales of oil and gas are the first in the whole world.But the net income and assets profit margins of petrochina are the fourth in the world,which is far from the exxon mobil.The adverse effects that brought by the monopoly natural gas market in China are personnel's mad,poor management,the weak profit ability,etc.Petrochina takes the use of monopoly position to disrupt the pricing mechanism,supply and demand mechanism and the market mechanism,so petrochina may survive well.The monopoly natural gas market by petrochina hinders the healthy development and the growth of the use of natural gas in China.The thesis studies the experiences in the process of reform of the natural gas market for the future development of China's natural gas market and provise some references for the reform path,through the international natural gas market,especially Henry Hub which is the henry trading center in USA and NBP which is the virtual center in Britain.