| The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is one of the most important national-level urban agglomerations in China. It includes Beijing which is the capital of China, Tianjin which is the largest port city of north China and Hebei which has 11 prefecture-level cities. However, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is facing many problems, such as the gap of the social and economic development level within the urban agglomeration is large, urban hierarchical structure is unreasonable, the resource allocation is not balanced, and the central position of Beijing and Tianjin is prominent,especially the "big city disease" is serious in Beijing. These problems have affected the overall competitiveness of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Under the request of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cooperation strategy, it is a key to solve these development problems by adjusting and optimizing the spatial structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Employment distribution is an important aspect of the regional spatial structure,and the grasp of the employment spatial structure is the prerequisite for optimizing the overall spatial structure of the region.Based on reviewing the theoretical and empirical research of regional spatial structure both at home and abroad, and summarizing the employment quantity and employment density data of 180 counties in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomer ation in the period from 2000 to 2012, this paper uses spatial analysis, especially ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) techniques with the help of GIS to stu dy the spatial structure characteristics and concentration-decentralization trend of B eijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration.Firstly, this paper analyzes the overall spatial differences and changes of the employment density of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration by using the quartile map and kernel density map. The results show that the overall distribution of employment density in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is extremely uneven,which is characterized by the differences between northwest and southeast, between the cities, and between the urban central area and the surrounding area. The spatial structure of employment is characterized by a multi - center structure with a strong center which is Beijing and three axes which are Beijing-Tianjin, Beijing-Tangshan-Qinhuangdao and Beijing-Baoding-Shijiazhuang. According to the difference of employment density, this paper appoints Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang as level 1 employment centers; Baoding,Tangshan, Cangzhou, Xingtai, Handan as level 2 employment centers; Zhangjiakou,Qinhuangdao as level 3 employment centers and Chengde, Langfang, Hengshui as level 4 employment centers.Secondly, based on the spatial autocorrelation analysis, this paper shows that the concentration of employment continues to strengthen steadily from 2000 to 2012, and there are relatively stable high employment density concentrated area and low employment density concentrated area within the urban agglomeration. Difference of employment density distribution is obvious.Thirdly, based on mean center and the standard deviation ellipse, this paper shows that the employment mean center of Beijing-Tianj in-Hebei urban agglomeration is located in the north; the main direction of employment distribution is"northeast-southwest"; the employment core area includes Beijing,Tianjin,Langfang,Tangshan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang and Cangzhou and the core area is narrowing; the employment is further concentrated to the core area.Fourthly, this paper uses location quotient, industry concentration rate and spatial Gini coefficient to study the employment agglomeration of various industries in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. The results show that in most industries, the employment population is concentrated in several important cities in the urban agglomeration. From 2008 to 2012, the concentration-decentralization trend of employment distribution in different industries is different. The primary industry employment is decentralizing, and the secondary industry and the tertiary industry employment is concentrating. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has comparative advantage of employment in the tertiary industry. Each city has comparative advantage of employment in different industries. Tangshan, Tianjin, Beijing have most comparative advantage of employment in primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry respectively.Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on optimizing the employment structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, including improving the market opening degree, clarifying the industrial function orientation, promoting the interconnection of human resources, improving the traffic network system, promoting the integration of public services, strengthening the ecological and environmental protection cooperation. |
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