Research On Bidding Strategies And Demand Response Price Of Air-conditioning Agent Considering The Consumption Behaviors

With the constantly development of social economy,the contradiction between the growth of electricity demand and environmental pollution is increasingly serious.In order to ease the contradiction between power supply and demand,through controllable load agent geographical dispersion large numbers controllable load resources,implement the demand side management,having a significant research value for making full use of power resources and maintain the power system reliability.Air conditioning,as a kind of indoor electrical installation,has been widely used.With the constant improvement of advanced smart metering infrastructure,Air-conditioning load(AL)agents,as an independent load in electric power,by integrating the geographical dispersion and large number of AL resources in grid,participating in electric market.This paper puts forward that AL agents involved in the market in two ways: One way is to participate the bidding in energy wholesale market.The other is to participate in demand response in the retailing market.Firstly,this paper analyzed the power market bidding mechanism and demand side management and also analyzed the working principle of air conditioning.Secondly,this paper put forward a new wholesale market bidding framework and a new demand response trading framework in the retail market.On this basis,the paper studied the AL agents bidding strategies in energy wholesale market and the retail price decision method when AL agents to participate in demand response.For the AL agents participating bidding power in wholesale market,at first analysis of the power of the AL user behavior for reveal the function between electricity price and the behavior of purchasing power.And then put forward the air AL agents' wholesale market price decision of bi-level optimization model.The model of the upper goal is maximizing the agent utilization efficiency to achieve the optimal biding strategy with meet the conditions of the physical characteristics and user comfort air-conditioning constraint.The model of the lower goal is maximizing the social benefit of wholesale market under the condition of power balance constraint.The decision main body is independent system operator(ISO)in the model of the lower.ISO decision the generation companies' power generation and agents' purchasing power in each period next day based on generators' bidding and AL agents' bidding and predicted uncontrolled load power.For the bi-level optimization model is difficult to solve directly,the bi-level programming formulation is transformed into an equivalent single-level mixed-integer program by its Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions.Finally,in the simulation calculation,the agent management 6000 air conditioners with the power of 2.5kW.In the numerical results,the paper analyzed of the bidding strategies of different types of users in multi-period.Providing the basis theoretical for AL participate in biding in wholesale market.For the AL agents participate the demand respond,load service entity(LSE)proposed a method to make optimal compensation price for air AL cutting load in multiple time.The model takes into account the physical properties of the air conditioning load and the comfort of air conditioning user constraints.In the model of demand response based on cost,in order to describe the current period and the past of time the influence of electricity price and electricity price of power demand,the self-elasticity coefficient and cross-elasticity coefficient have been incorporated into the model.In the model of considering reference price effect,introduces the concept of reference price effect to describe the user's decisions under the multi-period.A modified IEEE-30 bus system is used to numerical simulation.Numerical simulation shows the relationship between the compensation price of cutting load power and the cutting load power and the operation cost of IEEE-30 bus system.The results show that giving the compensation price of cutting load power can encourage users to participate in demand response,and also can reduce power supply cost of LSE in the peak load time.The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the feasibility of solving method.