| As a big agricultural country in China,the rural population accounts for about 60%,the three rural areas of agriculture,rural areas and farmers,has been a serious and urgent problem to be resolved which closely related to the country's overall economy.China has generally reached the city with the township after nearly 40 years of reform and opening up,,to promote agriculture in the development stage.The fishing village as a branch of agriculture which is an organic part of the countryside.The development of the agricultural economy is inseparable from the rapid development of the fishery economy.The development of the whole economy and the improvement of the fisherman's quality are very important for the stability and prosperity of the whole rural society.Since the implementation of family contract responsibility system in China,the collective economy plays an important role on the increase in farmer income and in rural economic and social development.The change of collective economic system is becoming more and more important in academic research.The major industry of Guan Wu village is fishery,the investigation on fishing village economy development has always been received attention of the fisheries administration and the local government.The fastest period of China fishery development and the period of fishermen benefited most is about nearly 40 years since the reform and opening up.Practical experience of fishing village case and its results and lessons generate positive guidance meaning for the development of fisheries.Guan Wu village in the planned economy was operated by a grass-roots management team of fisheries production.The same as Fujian and elsewhere along the coast,the operation system of marine aquaculture fisheries has undergone changes from “all-round contract system” to “household contract responsibility system ”,and to “Double-level Management System of Unification-Decentralization Integration based on the household contract responsibility system”,but its content and form of reform has its own characteristics.The change has explored “ farmer households + villagecompanies(collective economic organizations)+ markets” production and management methods,and developed a household contract responsibility system.Guan Wu village's production and management modes,from the initial model of farmer “households +market ”,developed to the model of farmer “ households + village companies(collective economic organizations)+ markets ”to currently both of the above coexist.This change cannot happen without the impact of system.In this paper,the author analyzes the economic changes of the Guan Wu village from the institutional economic perspectives.In accordance with the basic principles of Marxist political economics,relations of production must be adapted to the development of productive forces.In reality,current aquaculture decentralized management should be combined with the fisherman's overall wishes and different personal characteristics,and continue to explore various fisheries management system in favor of fisheries economic development and to analyze typical cases in a timely manner and summarize theory.On the basis of unification-decentralization,basic fishery management innovation of Guan Wu village has balanced the relationship between the villagers and the collective group,created new ways and new carriers to achieve the collective economy,and generated better effects.The essence of fishing village reform is the liberation and development of fishing productive forces.The achievement of Guan Wu village over 20 years has proved that industrialization and intensive management can be the only path to for farmers to become wealthy and long-term economic development for rural areas.Draw lessons from the concept of industrialization to develop modern fisheries,taking a lead and building brand effects become new thoughts for Guan Wu village's industrial development.In this situation,economic transformation of fishing village has become an inevitable trend.However,in the process of economic change,lots of problems of fishing villages are gradually in exposure which needs us to conduct a deeper research on the problems encountered during village economic development and find corresponding solutions so as to provide favorable policy recommendations to the development of modern agriculture for reformation modes and contents of more efficient fishery utilization.Taking archive history as latitude and fieldwork investigation as longitude,this paper has carried out a detailed description on the development history of Guan Wu village since the founding of new China,conducted a summary and analysis on the present economic development situation of Guan Wu village,and further summarizedthe problems of Guan Wu village during the current economic development.In order to further discuss the path to solve the current issues in the new situation of fishing villages economic reform and development,this paper tries to conduct an analysis in perspectives of institutional economics and on the theoretic basis of property rights theory,transaction cost theory and institutional change theory.Firstly,the author has defined the concept of institutional economics,constructed theoretical analysis framework;Secondly,the economic development course of Guan Wu village has been described,including changes of productivity and production relations,and the current development situation and existent issues have been summarized.Then cost-saving analysis model has been built,and a thorough analysis on the fishing operation model of Guan Wu village has been conducted.Thirdly,property rights theory,transaction cost theory and institutional change theory have been used to analyze the causes of economic change issues of Guan Wu village.Fourthly,based on the theoretical analysis framework in last chapters,the theoretical analysis for this study has been summarized.In last fifth chapter,the countermeasures and recommendations for the fishery economic development of Guan Wu village have been proposed. |
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