| Industry dynamics as the emerging field of industrial economic research,concerned about the process of industrial evolution in the scale of structural changes,technology and demand changes,and strive to study the micro-enterprise entry,exit,survival,growth,migration to dynamically describe the industry development trend and the changing market structure trend.Industry dynamics is different from the industrial organization,the analysis unit of the industry dynamics involves the enterprise and the whole industry,and the basic analysis unit is the industry in the industrial organization.For enterprises,the spatial dynamic research of enterprises is to study the spatial distribution and changes of regional industrial activities from microcosmic perspective,that is,to analyze the structure and change of space economy from the spatial dynamics of enterprise entry,exit and relocation.Enterprise entry and exit is the key event of enterprise spatial dynamic research,scholars study the process of enterprise turnover,growth and recession to explore the evolution of the industry.Firm relocation is not part of the business cycle and different from the enterprise entry and exit,firm relocation means that the redistribution of economic activities from the perspective of space migration,the relocation lead to the re-allocation of resources to promote the free flow of the regional and inter-regional factors of production,and the adjustment of industrial structure at the same time.Therefore,the firm relocation also become an important part of industrial dynamics.The empirical research on the firm relocation of the existing literature mainly focuses on the influencing factors and decision motive.It is usually analyzed by the cases of the relocation of firms,the theoretical analysis frame,the data of the questionnaire survey and interview.There is relatively little research on the performance of firm reloaction.In this paper,we use the micro-enterprise database to get the overall situation of the relocation of Chinese industrial enterprises,to sort out the phenomenon of firm relocation from the industry category,the type of enterprise registration and the direction of the relocation,and to find out the actual trend of firm relocation by verifying the enterprise's trend hypothesis,the decomposition of productivity explains the actual trend of firm relocation.We study the performance changes after the relocation of enterprises,and then establish the quasi-natural experiment to analyze the impact of migration on enterprise's performance.We study the phenomenon of firm relocation,trends and the impacts of relocation through the database of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2007 in this paper.We analyze the relocation phenomenon of industrial enterprises in the past 10 years by using the regional and administrative level as the standard of firm relocation,and has obtained the basic facts of.the relocation of industrial enterprises in China.In order to explain the upstream phenomenon,we use the DOP method to decompose the productivity to explain the trend of firm relocation.DOP method is based on heterogeneous enterprise theory,the traditional decomposition model depends only on statistical transformation,and lacks the theoretical research on resource allocation efficiency and even leads to the results of the difference is too large,DOP method achieves a more clear and accurate productivity decomposition.We used the PSM-DID method to study the net effect of relocation behavior through the decomposition of enterprise productivity.We get the following conclusions.First,there are 304 relocation firms including 1,847 sample observations which the annual sales revenue is more than 5 million yuan from 1998 to 2007 in the industrial enterprise database.The relocation is mainly upstream relocation.The relocation firms are mainly non-state firms and small firms.Second,we conclude that the productivity growth rate is higher than the national average level by calculating the productivity of enterprises,and then we use the method of productivity decomposition to analyze the trend of firm relocation.We find that the change of productivity before the relocation is mainly due to the enterprise's own growth,and the change of productivity after relocation mainly comes from the improvement of resource allocation efficiency,so we argue that the main reason for the implementation of business decision-making is to pursue a higher allocation of resources efficiency.Last,we have established the quasi-natural experiment and analyzed the net effect of the firm relocation behavior by using the PSM-DID method.The result shows that the relocation behavior of the enterprise does not realize the significant improvement of the productivity and the profit rate,the net effect of the firm relocation is negative,the absolute growth of productivity during the period is determined by other factors instead of the relocation behavior.The overall framework of this paper is divided into six parts.The paper introduces the research background and practical significance,and determines the research ideas,the whole framework and the innovation of this paper.Literature Review is divided into five sections,the first section introduces the related research of enterprise dynamics;the second section introduces the concept of firm relocation;the third section introduces the theory of firm relocation,involving neo-classical theory,behavior theory and institutional theory;the fourth part introduces the current situation of the influencing factors of firm relocation;the fifth section introduces the research on the performance of firm relocation.Basic facts of firm relocation point out the source of the database and the method of processing the database,and then analyzes descriptively the firm relocation from different perspectives.The trend of firm relocation is divided into four sections,the first section assumes the trend of firm relocation,respectively,the city's economic scale,population size and urban labor costs as indicators to verify the hypothesis;the second section calculates the enterprise's total factor productivity,and introduces the productivity decomposition model in this paper;the third part analyzes the productivity results.In the fourth section,we analyze the trend of firm relocation which is obtained by empirical test.We conclude that the trend of firm relocation is to pursue a higher allocation of resources efficiency.The net effect analyzes the net effect of firm relocation by establishing a quasi-natural experiment(PSM-DID model).Firstly,we introduce the PSM-DID model.Secondly,the PSM model is used to sample the migratory enterprises based on the two factors of total factor productivity and profit margin.Finally,we analyze the net effect of the relocation behavior by DID model.After removing other influencing factors,we conclude that the net effect of the firm relocation is negative,and the relocation behavior of the enterprise does not realize the improvement of the productivity and profitability during the sample period.The last part summarizes the main conclusions of this paper,and then we put forward the policy recommendations based on the current economic situation in China. |
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