| Since the implementation of the reform and opening up in 1978 in our country,great achievements have been made in the economy and the living standards of the residents have been greatly improved.However,with the rapid development of China's economy in the reform and opening up,the problem of inequality in income distribution has become increasingly prominent.Due to historical background,resource endowments,development strategy and other reasons,the regional development of our country is extremely unbalanced,with four levels of income imbalances-the first level of regional income gap,the second level of inter-provincial income gap,the third level of income gap between urban and rural areas,and the imbalance of income gap among different rural residents.Especially,the income difference between rural residents in China is much higher than that of urban residents.In order to achieve the balanced and coordinated development of regional economy,the government has issued a number of regional strategic policy and rural support policy,but the unbalanced development trend still exists and has continued to expand.With the income gap of rural residents as the research object,narrowing the regional and urban-rural differences,raising the income of rural residents,optimizing and adjusting the rural economic structure and implementing the new rural construction policy are imminent.This article will be committed to carrying out the major theoretical spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on the new rural construction,discussing the main factors affecting the income level and then putting forward specific policy recommendations and rationalization plans.For the study of the income gap among rural residents in different provinces,this paper collected and summarized the data of the per capita net income of rural households in China from 1985 to 2015,and used qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to study the dynamic evolution of the income gap of rural residents.First of all,this paper characterizes the general trend of income distribution and structural characteristics of rural residents in the whole country and the sub-region,compares and analyzes the evolution and trend of income gap between urban and rural residents over the past three decades,and finally evaluates whether this gap is reasonable and discusses the impact on the income gap among rural residents.The analysis shows that there is a big gap between the rural residents in our country and the proportion of the net income per capita is rising.The peak period of rural residents 'income growth is also later than the period of rapid urban residents'income growth.The income gap between urban and rural residents has experienced fluctuations,gradually expanded,then fluctuations rise,continue to expand,and finally continued shrinking process.Finally the imbalanced economic development among different regions,the unreasonable economic structure and the difference of farmers,income sources are the main reasons for the widening income gap.The empirical analysis included kernel density estimation,Markov chain,convergence theory and spatial autocorrelation analysis.The first part is from the perspective of time.First,the kernel density estimation described the overall morphological characteristics and dynamics of the income distribution of rural residents in the province.The kernel density distribution chart showed that the density curve of capita income among provincial rural residents shows a sharp right-peak distribution,with a unimodal distribution from 1985 to 2005 and an intensive distribution below 3000 yuan.The multi-peak distribution began to appear after 2005,mainly distributed in 12000-24000 yuan,indicating that after a long period of reform and opening up,the overall level of rural residents' income is low,and the gap between the rich and the poor farmers has shown up at two levels.The evolution of regional income distribution showed a multi-point distribution and the scale of low-income type is far larger than that of other richer income types.The kernel density curve of income continued to shift to the right,while the speed of low income residents shifted to the right is less than the high income residents to the right,which indicates that not all provinces have enjoyed equal economic results from the reform and opening up,and high income provinces benefit more than low income type provinces,and the distribution of income inequality within rural residents become more and more serious.Secondly,the Markov chain reflected the internal dynamics of the income distribution of rural residents in the provinces.In a very long period of time the income types of rural residents in most provinces have not changed,and no province's income level can rise across the region.It showed that the income of rural residents in our country has been showing the phenomenon of regional solidification or deepening.Impoverished rural areas are less likely to achieve economic leaps and bounds.Middle-income provinces have relatively large liquidity.This paper also made full use of the theoretical basis of Markov chain to explore the long term equilibrium of income distribution of rural residents.After researching and demonstrating,the income distribution in our country has the characteristics of low income polarization.The convergent trend of income level is quite different from the national average and tends to evolve to the trap of poverty.It is not hard to find that solidification and deepening are the obvious characteristics of regional income disparity.Finally,convergence theory focused on the dynamic changes of inter-provincial rural residents,income disparity and assessed the changing trends of inter-provincial and inter-regional rural income disparity.The theory shows that the convergence of income level is the most prominent feature of the income gap among rural residents in the interprovincial regions in China.Meanwhile,the income growth rate in affluent areas is lower than that of rural residents in poor areas,and the affluent areas are gradually caught up by rural residents in impoverished areas.The convergence of income levels also exists in the three major eastern,central and western regions of China.However,the regional differences in the eastern region are quite larger.The incomes of rural residents in the central and western regions lag significantly behind those in the eastern region,and the income changes in the provinces within the region are more coordinated.The convergence speed of each region is not the same,and the convergence speed of the eastern,central and western regions decreases in turn.The income difference of farmers in the eastern region is always the determinant of the overall difference.The second part from the perspective of space.We used the spatial autocorrelation to analyze the spatial correlation between provincial rural residents'income.It indicated that there are not only global spatial differences but also sub-level local spatial correlations among the incomes of rural residents in China's provinces.And as time goes by,the provinces with low-high and high-high concentrations as the related types are present in the region.However,the spatial pattern of the same type of agglomeration has developed very slowly.There is no effective mechanism for coordinated development and integration between rural areas in different provinces.The innovation of this paper lies in the following aspects:firstly,the choice of perspective and time span is the continuation and expansion of previous related literature.Secondly,this article considering the time and space dimensions,we not only analyzed the overall dynamic changes,internal distribution and convergence trends of peasants' income from the perspective of time,but also introduced the spatial effect to study the interaction of rural economy among regions and made up for the neglect of geospatial correlation.In addition,the model is optimized and the trend of future income distribution is predicted.In the end,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations for poverty alleviation and economic development in rural areas:Poverty alleviation from multi-angle,focusing on supporting the western region;Coordinating inter-regional development,guiding the rational flow of production factors across regions;Promoting the adjustment of agricultural economic structure,steadying development of non-agricultural industries and their derivative industries;Intensifying financial support in rural areas,establishing stable and perfect agricultural development policies;Attach importance to rural vocational education,guiding peasants in science and technology to develop armed forces;Promoting the process of urban-rural integration Vigorously and developing rural urbanization. |
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