Research On Subjective And Objective Crowding Perception In Scenic Spots

With the development of social economy,people have more leisure time for tourism,meanwhile tourist quantity is surging.In view of the excessive tourists gather in the China's scenic area(spot)during the golden week for tourism,the tourist quantity exceeds the scenic area(spot)'s tourism capacity,which makes part of the core scenic spots in an overloaded status,causing arterial traffic and traffic node in a crowding phenomenon.The diversion of tourists in spatial and temporal dimensionality based on individual psychological characteristics and tourists' perception was studied,especially the influences of tourists' behavior under the tourism information have attracted more and more attention.Whether the released content of tourism information can effectively guide the tourists' behavior,the established content of information based on the individual psychological characteristics and tourists' perception is particularly important.The reasonable information release needs the judgement of scenic spots' crowded state.Traditionally,the judgment of scenic spots' crowded state is mainly depended on the count of passenger flow,which is not consistent with the tourists' perception,lacking of the display content of visitors' crowding degree.Therefore,it is necessary to consider visitors' subjective and objective crowding perception.Three tourism stages such as pre-tour time,transportation time and on-tour time should be considered in mechanism research of tourists crowding perception.In order to obtain good tourism experience,tourists hope to obtain travel information in different tourism stages,so that they can make travel decisions and adjust travel behavior immedialy and finally achieve a reasonable different spatial and temporal distribution.Tourists' perception of crowing is influenced by different factors,such as the basic attributes of tourists,the different factors in the pre-trip time,transportation time and tour time.Under the tourist guidance information released by the tourism manager,tourists make decisions to maintain,change or cancel the trip plan,which leads to the change of spatial and temporal distribution in passenger flow.At the same time,the tourism manager will take the appropriate ways to release tourism information according to the passenger flow distribution,the selection mechanism of tourists and the feedback mechanism of tourists under the tourism information,in order to achieve the purpose of optimal system.The individual visitor and the group visitors were taken as the research object,through the questionnaire survey and the video recording,tourists personal characteristics,tourist attractions amount,the sequence of tourist attractions,residence time,motivation,preferences,attractions crowding degree,tourist density data were gained,tourist experience under different condition of crowded state was analyzed,the crowding perception of visitors is divided into 1-5 levels,the effects of different factors on tourists' perception of crowding were explored.Based on the ranking selection model,tourists' perception of crowding model was established and the local effect was analyzed.The results show that: the information variables in the pre-trip stage(inquiry way of trip itinerary information etc.)and the tour stage(the released content of crowded information,residence time etc.)have a significant impact on tourists' perception of crowding;each additional 1 minute of the residence time in attraction,the probability of tourists crowded perception for 2,3,4 will be respectively increased in 0.3%,1.1% and reduced in 1.3%.Tourists' occupy space was selected as the objective crowding perception index,tourists objective crowding classification which was determined by the system clustering and K-means clustering matched with the tourists subjective crowding classification in real time,tourists subjective and objective comprehensive crowding classification was gained by considering the weight between the subjective and the objective crowding classification.Research results provided a basis for establishing the crowding classification system and provided a theoretical basis and technical support to realize the reasonable spatial and temporal distribution of passenger flow,improve the tourism quality and meet the needs of tourists in scenic area.