Parallel Evolution Of The Necklaced Laughingthrush(Garrulax Pectoralis) And The Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush(G.monilegerus) In China

How did life on earth evolved? What were their distribute patterns? There were the questions evolutionary biologists have always focus on.Parallel evolution is an important species evolutionary phenomenon.The achievement is very little because of lacking appropriate species objects except works of three thornback(Gasterosteus aculeatus).Subspecies distributions of Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush(Garrulax pectoralis)and Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush(G.monileger)in China were considered to be parallel.But no molecular data supported the conclusion.We studied genetic structures and restructured phylogeny tree of four subspecies in China for the two species,respectively.The genetic diversities,genetic distances,gene flows of subspecies indicated sympatic subspecies distribution of the two species were parallel.Subspecies in south China including Guangdong and Hainan Island have the higher genetic diversity than nominate subspecies(G.p.pectoralis and G.p.monileger).The genetic distances between nominate subspecies with other subspecies are much higher than that between other subspecies(0.038-0.047).Nominate subspecies also lacked gene exchanges with other subspecies.Phylogeny tree showed that nominate subspecies were reciprocal monophyly,and have not shared haplotypes with other subspecies.We suggested both G.p.pectoralis and G.p.monileger can be considered as the full species,respectively.At the same time,G.m.tonkinensis merged in the G.m.melli,and the synonym of later.Our results showed that southwest China or Indochina was the origin center genus Garrulax,and geological event was the most important drivers of speciation and population diversification in western China.