The Research On Coastal And Marine Environment Management In Cambodia

The coastal areas in Cambodia are facing threats from both marine environmental pollution and severe natural hazards.Numerous human activities are the major factors causing these threats.These threats include extended urbanization,rapid population moving from rural areas to coastal cities,coastal economic development,the rapid development of coastal tourism,port and industry activities,overfishing and irrational fishing bring great pressure on the coastal and ocean environment of Cambodia.Also natural hazards such as storms,floods and drought are becoming more frequent.Marine and coastal environment need to be rational and effectively managed urgently in Cambodia.In this thesis,an overview of the risks and threats to the coastal and marine environment is explored include the trends related to international tourism arrival to the coastal area,port activities,key habitats,marine park and protected areas,marine fisheries resources,threatened and endangered species.Furthermore,institutional arrangements and legal framework are addressed in this thesis.Then this thesis indicates the supporting mechanism for implementing of national and international legal frameworks for managing and developing four coastal provinces of Cambodia,The National Committee on Coastal Area Management and Development(NCCMD)plays an important role in the protection and conservation of Cambodia's coastal and marine environment.Meanwhile,coastal water quality by using environmental quality standard including Cambodia national standard and ASEAN marine water quality standard.In order to solve the problem of marine and coastal pollution in Cambodia,coastal water quality is analyzed by adhering to clearly defined environmental quality standard including Cambodia national standard and ASEAN marine water quality standard.Also,analysis of the sources and types of marine environmental pollution in four coastal cities is necessary,including analysis of domestic wastewater,solid waste,offshore development pollution,maritime activities pollution,overfishing,destructive fishing methods,live specimens harvesting,and also marine debris.Subsequently,the amount of domestic wastewater and load in four coastal cities is calculated based on the results coming from the analysis of average domestic wastewater analysis in 2016 and 2017 and the number of population,including Total Suspended Solid(TSS),Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD5),Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)Cr,Total Nitrogen(TN),Total Phosphorus(TP).The eutrophication was analyzed and assessed base on the result of marine water samples' analysis during the occurrence of eutrophication in order to understand its cause and effect.Climate change is one of the factors which affecting coastal environmental change.This thesis also identifies the effects of the sea level rise on coastal agriculture,mangrove productivity and diversity,and coastal infrastructure.The main research outcomes of this thesis will assist the coastal and marine management in identification of the environmental issues in the ocean and coastal areas,and even help to predict the future changes in coastal water quality.Research results of this thesis are expected to provide effective scientific support for overall marine and coastal management in Cambodia.