Multilevel Quantum Otto Heat Engines With Identical Particles

With the development of quantum information technology and the control technics on a single atom,more and more researches about quantum heat engines emerge many new results appear,and the quantum properties in both theoretical and experimental aspects can optimize the performances of quantum heat engines.In this paper,a quantum Otto heat engine is studied with multilevel identical particles trapped in one-dimensional box potential as working substance.The symmetrical wave function for Bosons and the anti-symmetrical wave function for Fermions are considered.Based on the ratios of the work done by identical particle systems and the work output of a single particle,the effects of statistical property on the work output are analyzed under different conditions.In chapter 1,the background and the development of quantum heat engine and the quantum properties of the quantum models are introduced.In chapter 2,the laws of thermodynamics and the related theoretical basises are simply introduced.In chapter 3,the two-particle case is analyzed,based on the ratios ofW~i(7)i(28)B,F(8)to _SW,whereW~BandW~Fare the work done by two Bosons and Fermions,respectively,and W_Sis the work output of a single particle under the same conditions.Due to the symmetrical of the wave functions,the ratios are not equal to 2.Three different regimes,low-temperature regime,high-temperature regime,and intermediate-temperature regime,are analyzed,and the effects of energy level number and the differences between the two baths are calculated.In the multiparticle case,the ratios ofW_M~i/Mto_SWis calculated,whereW_M~i/Mcan be seen as the average work done by a single particle in multiparticle heat engine.For other working substances whose energy spectrum has the form ofE_n~n~2,the results are similar.For the caseE_n~n,two different conclusions are obtained.