| Cerambycidae is one of the most species-rich families and is one of the most diverse species of morphological variation in Coleoptera.Cerambycidae occur worldwide,some of which are important pests in agriculture and forestry resulting in great economic losses.The mouthparts and genitalia are closely related to the feeding and reproductive behavior,respectively.The thesis systematically studies the mouthparts and genitalia morphological characteristics of five subfamilies on Cerambycidae,including one Spondylidinae species,12 Lamiinae species,8 Prioninae species,3 Lepturinae species,and 14 Cerambycinae species;and summarized the morphological differences of the mouthparts and genital structures at the subfamily level,and the feeding habits of the subfamily,inferring the relationship between the mouthpart structure and feeding parts.According to the morphological structure and mating behavior of genitals,the functions of the genital structure are discussed.The main results obtained are followed:1 Mouthparts morphology and functional morphology(1)Mouthparts morphologyAfter dissecting,photographing,and comparing,we studies 38 species of mouthparts belonging to 24 genera in 5 subfamilies of the Cerambycidae.The results are followed:The adult mouthparts are a typical chewing mouthpart,consisting of five parts,labrum,mandible,maxilla,labium and hypopharynx.The mouthparts structure differs in 11 characteristics at the subfamily level,labrum(clypeus,the edge of labrum),mandible(incisor,tooth,the brush of the inner edge of mandible),maxilla(lacinia,gelea,maxilla palaomeres),labrum(ligula,labrum palaomeres).The maxillae palpmero ? and palpmero labium ? fusiform in Lamiinae distinguish from other subfamilies,the feature can be used as the distinguishing feature of Lamiinae;labrum is reduced,clypeus strip in Spondylidinae;is different from other subfamilies;lacinia and galea are absent in Prioninae and Spondylidinae,is different from other subfamilies;the structure is similar in Lepturinae and Cerambycidae.(2)Functional MorphologyThe feeding habits of each subfamily of Cerambycidae were summarized based on literatures and feeding behavior observations.The relationship between the mouthpart structures and feeding habits was initially discussed.Lamiinae adults feeding on leaves and petioles,labrum,mandible,maxilla and labium are developed,and the structures of lacinia and galea are conducive to crush the food.The adults of Priononae do not feed,lacinia and galea are absent;Lepturinae and some Cerembycinae species feeding pollen or nectar,the edge of the mandible are furnished with a dense brush,lacina and galea are developed,bilobed and membranous.For the Cerembycinae species with none visiting-flower habit,the mouthpart morphology is similar to that of the visiting-flower species,but the lip is slightly sclerotized.Therefore,it is speculated that the dense brush and the developed membranous ligula are related to the habit of visiting flowers.2 Genitalia Morphology and Functional Morphology(1)Genitalia MorphologyAfter having dissected,photographed,and compared,genitalia morphology of 38 species belonging to 24 genera,5 subfamilies of the Cerambycidae are studied.Female genitalia include ovipositors,vagina,ovary,lateral oviduct,median oviduct,bursa copulatrix and spermatheca.Male genital organs include tegmen,median lobe,internal sac,testis,vas deferens,ejaculatory,paragonia gland.Female genitalia structures differ in 14 characteristics at subfamily level.Ovipositor(sclerotization,bifurcation and length-width ratio);the union degree of coxite,valvifer and paraproct;dorsal baculum;coxite lobe;stylus;vagine plate;the shape of bursa copulatrix;the position of the spermatheca duct on the bursa copulatrix;spermatheca segmentation;the position of the spermatheca gland on the spermatheca.Male genitalia structures differ in 12 characteristics at subfamily level.The shape of parameres,the number of setea of parameres,roof,ring,median lobe;median struts;meidian struts and median lobe length ratio;shape of ventral median lobe;the length of median struts,endophallus and sclerite.Spermatheca can be used as one of the taxonomic characteristics of Lamiinae,Ovipositor bifurcation can be used as a supplementary characteristics to identify Lamiinae species.Ovipositor sclerotization can be used as a supplementary characteristics to identify Priononae species.Ring geniculated,which can be used as one of the distinguishing features of Lamiinae,median struts and median lobe length ratio,the length of median struts;endophallus;sclerite can be used as the identification characteristics at species level.(2)Functional morphologyMating behavior is a key link in reproductive activities of sexual reproduction.Genital structures play an important role.In the study,the mating behavior of Batocera horsfieldi(Hope,1839),Anoplophora chinensis(F?rster,1771)and Nadezhdiella cantori(Hope,1845)are observed.The morphology of genitalia of both sexes was studied using histologic section.The mating behavior of the A.chinensis is studied in detail,and the relationship between mating behavior and structural functions of the genitalia is discussed.The results were followed:The process of mating includes three phases: encountering and pair-bonding,mating attempt and ejaculation,postcopulatory guarding.In the stage of encountering and pair-bonding,the female is relatively stationary while the male dominated during the mating.The male stretches the parameres to sweep or press the abdomen end of the female.During the mating attempt and ejaculation,the male antennae and the body vibrate at high frequencies,and the female intersegment membrane ?/? is everted.In postcopulatory guarding,female intersegment membrane ?/? is everted in the same way.Compared the mating behaviors of the three species,the results showed that mating processes of the different subfamily species have the similar phases while there is slight difference among species.The time of postcopulatory guarding of N.cantori was longer than that of the B.horsfieldi and A.chinensis.In encountering and pair-bonding,B.horsfieldi and A.chinensis brush antennae with forelegs and midlegs.However,there is no such phenomenon in Cerembycinae.The process of the endophallus reaching to bursa copulatrix is followed: the male endophallus is everted through median orifice,stretched out of the male,and then contact with the female abdomen through gonopore into the vagina.The flagellum is in the apical part of endophallus.The vagina is folded in vagina plate in female.When reaching here,the endophallus pull back slightly and the flagellum pass through the vaginal folds to reach the female burse copulatrix.The parameres have stimulatory effects and open the female genitalia The flagellum may play a guiding role,making endophallus and membrane move forward in female genitalia.The transverse bands covered the surface of the endophallus,preventing the endophallus from slipping out of the ovipositor.Sclerites is everted with endophallus,maybe it expand the vagina and support endophallus in female genitalia... |
PDF Full Text Request