Study On The Influence Of Wind Farm On Birds Along The South Coast Of Laizhou Bay

As a clean new energy power generation technology,wind power generation has become an important technical mean to replace coal power,and plays an important role in alleviating the energy crisis,reversing climate change and controlling pollution emissions.In recent years,the research on wind power generation and the construction of wind farms are in an outbreak period.Shandong Province,as a major coastal province in China,has rich coastline resources and huge reserves of wind energy that can be developed and utilized,and is also in the forefront of wind power construction in the country.However,the development and utilization of wind power will have certain negative impacts on the ecological environment and the survival and diversity of wildlife,especially on birds.The research topic takes the construction of Changyi offshore wind power engineering as an opportunity,to study the Impact of project construction on birds living in the south bank of Laizhou Bay,and provide guidance for the construction of offshore wind power engineering.From August 2017 to November 2018,this subject investigated birds inhabiting ten different habitats such as mudflats,breeding ponds,salt ponds and river channels,etc.on the south bank of Laizhou Bay by using the sample line method and fixed radius fixed point observation method.The diversity of birds in different seasons and habitats in the south bank of Laizhou Bay was summarized and analyzed.The impacts of coastal wind farms on bird diversity,spatial distribution,distance from wind turbine,flight behavior and other aspects were compared and analyzed.According to the bird habits and distribution characteristics in the area where the wind farm is located and the characteristics of the wind farm construction project,the impacts on birds in the construction area and its surrounding areas during the pre-construction,construction and operation periods are predicted and analyzed.At the same time,protection suggestions to reduce the impacts on birds are put forward from the perspective of bird protection,and practical protection countermeasures are put forward,thus providing scientific suggestions for the design and planning work,construction process and project management of the wind farm.The main research results are as follows:1.The diversity of birds in the south bank of Laizhou Bay was analyzed.More than 200 species of birds inhabiting the south bank of Laizhou Bay were investigated and counted.A total of 78 species of birds were observed in this study,including 26%resident birds,28%summer migratory birds,13%winter migratory birds and 33%traveling birds.Taking four typical habitats of aquaculture ponds,salt ponds,river courses and tidal flats as research objects,the distribution law of bird species in different seasons was studied,and the bird diversity in different habitats and seasons in the south bank of Laizhou Bay was summarized.2.The influence of wind turbine on bird flying height was analyzed and verified.Through the statistical analysis of the flying height of birds with and without wind turbine,it is found that the flying height of most birds is in the range of 0-50m,and the number of birds over 60m is less.T-test verifies that wind turbine have no significant influence on the flying height of surrounding birds.3.The influence of wind turbine on bird spatial distribution was analyzed and verified.The mathematical method of T distribution is used to make statistical analysis on the distance between birds perched around and the wind turbine,and the conclusion is drawn that most birds perch 100 meters away from the wind turbine,which is of guiding significance for the construction and site selection of wind farms.4.Through on-the-spot investigation,consulting relevant industry personnel and consulting relevant documents,it is concluded that the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds are mainly caused by additional obstacles to their habitats,feeding grounds,noise,flight and migration routes,as well as man-made interference and pollution during construction and operation management.Based on the purpose of bird protection,relevant measures and suggestions for the construction of offshore wind farms and even onshore wind farms are put forward for reference of relevant departments.