| Chiroptera has a highly diverse character,commonly known as bats,second only to Rodentia,accounting for more than a quarter of mammals.At present,Chiroptera are 2 suborders,18 families,202 genera and 1134 species,which have been officially described and reported in the world.To date,more than 200 viruses have been detected and reported in bats,and as the research progresses,more new viruses are found in bats.The bat virus was once ignored in public health security,and about 75% of the newly discovered bat virus infections are zoonotic viruses.Bats have been identified as important natural hosts for zoonotic viruses affecting humans and livestock.The Chiroptera currently officially described and reported in China has more than 140 species of 2 suborders,8 families(Miniopterae independent for the Miniopteridae).In the past ten years,researchers have discovered more than 10 new species of bats in Guangxi,Yunnan,Guizhou and Taiwan.Among them,the number of species of pterodactyls in Yunnan Province is 2 suborders,7 families,26 genera and 80 species.The number of species of Chiroptera in Zhuang AutonomousRegion of Guangxi is 2 suborders,7 families,22 genera and 57 species.They are in the forefront in China,and both have carried out related research on bat carrying viruses.According to statistics,the number of species of the Chiroptera in Guizhou Province is currently 2 suborders,7 families,19 genera and 65 species.However,the research on bat carrying viruses in Guizhou is still in the blank.In order to effectively prevent the occurrence or outbreak of new infectious diseases and to monitor the risk of foreign disease introduction,it is of great practical significance to fully grasp the virus background data of bats as natural or intermediate hosts in Guizhou Province.1 Results and DiscussionIn this study,the virus metagenomics method was used to investigate the bat virus in Guizhou Province.The main sample was the fresh feces of bats.In addition to the small RNA virus detection technology for virus investigation,the main samples include bat tissue of the bat,including the rectum,liver and lung.In this study,more than 170 viruses of 53 families and 111 genera were detected from four bats in the Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae.1.1 Results of virus macrogenomics detectionA total of 258 bat feces samples(including 2 families,6 genera and 10 species)were collected in this survey.Among them,the quality of the large hoof bat samples for subsequent analysis: 157 stool samples were collected from 9 counties and cities in Guizhou Province,accounting for 62.06% of the total.A total of 8149 Contigs,were obtained by comparing and assembling 406061 Contigs,by Nt and Nr virus database,accounting for 20.07% of the total sequences.Further identification and classification of these virus sequences can be divided into 49 families(including Mimivirus and Pandoravirus)103 genus.According to the host source,4456 bacterial virus sequences were distributed in 21 genus of 10 families,accounting for 65.13% of the total sequences,and 998 sequences of insect viruses were distributed in 13 genus of 8 families,accounting for 14.63% of the total sequences.975 vertebrate virus sequences were distributed in 49 genus of 23 families,accounting for 14.22% of the total sequences,and 412 sequences of plant viruses were distributed in 19 genus of 10 families,accounting for 6.02% of the total sequences.1.2 Results of sRNA virus detectionIn the small RNA virus detection program,253 samples of bats were collected from Guizhou Province,and the three groups of samples that were qualified for subsequent analysis were: Rhinolophus pearsoni bat tissue samples collected from 7 counties and cities respectively.The share of the total sample is 19.77%;the tissue of the Aselliscus wheeleri is collected from 2 counties and cities to 24,accounting for 9.3% of the total sample;the Rhinolophus rex tissue is collected only in Libo County.27 copies,accounting for 10.47% of the total number of samples.Through sRNA virus detection and analysis,a total of 195 virus sequences were identified,and 156 of them were classified,and 73 viruses of 19 families and 31 genera were annotated.Among them,16 strains of 16 viruses were not classified,and the virus identification of each group.The situation is described in detail later.The annotated virus sequences were classified according to the host source: 81 vertebrate virus sequences,9 families and 13 genera,accounting for 51.92% of the total sequence;13 insect virus sequences,3 families and 4 genera,accounting for 8.33% of the total sequence;There were 28 plant virus sequences,1 genera and 3 genera,accounting for 17.95% of the total sequence;34 bacterial virus sequences,6 families and 8 genera,accounting for 21.79% of the total sequence.1.3 Background construction of bat carrying virus in Guizhou ProvinceThrough the combination of viral metagenomics and sRNA virus detection technology,the pathogen ecology of bat-borne viruses in 15 counties and cities in Guizhou Province was successfully obtained,marking new viruses with major epidemic types and giant virus in bats.The discovery of virus species provides important basic data for comprehensive understanding of the bat virus background in Guizhou Province.1.4 Comparison of two virus detection technologiesAs a new attempt in the detection of bat virus,sRNA virus detection technology has achieved certain results and provided a new technical route for the research work of bat virus in the future.Compared with virus metagenomics research,although there is a problem of narrow virus detection range,the detection is efficient and accurate,and saves money.According to the sRNA virus detection results of this study,it was confirmed that the detection technique is suitable for rapidly detecting a variety of virus species that are pathogenic to vertebrates from the sample.In addition,it has been proven to be useful for the detection of giant virus.1.5 Diversity analysis of bat viruses at different levelsThe Shannon-Wiener index analysis showed that there were significant differences in the diversity of the viruses carried by the Rhinolophidae and the Hipposideridae in the family,genus and species.The diversity of the virus carrying Rhinolophidae in the bats was higher than that of the Hipposideridae.The main reason for this difference may be the origin and diffusion history of the two bat families in Guizhou Province,as well as the species diversity and habitat characteristics of bats.1.6 Viral component analysis and public health safety recommendationsThe virus richness of bat-borne virus communities in Guizhou Province was successfully evaluated higher than that of Guangxi and Yunnan,and it was especially obvious in the analysis of vertebrate virus species.The main reasons: The unique karst landforms and climatic conditions of the Guizhou province,as well as the special people's living habits adapted to such an environment;According to the results of the analysis of the components of the virus,the virus species with significant hygienic significance were selected,and the new zoonotic bat virus beings were detected,Arenavirus;And Togaviridae and Arenaviridae that are less frequently detected in other studies.This paper puts forward four suggestions on the prevention and control measures of bat virus,which has important hygienic significance for preventing the spread of bat virus.1.7 Discussion and analysis of giant virusFor the first time,the giant virus were detected from bats,including Moumouvirus,Megavirus,Marseillevirus,Cafeteriavirus,and Pandoravirus,which enriched the host range of giant viruses.It was detected in bat fecal and tissue samples,Proof of giant virus can spread through bat droppings.Combined with the strong flight migration ability of bats,it is a strong demonstration of the wide distribution of the virus,which will help to study the origin and diffusion pathway of huge viruses in the future. |
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