Study Of Extraction Q And Compensation Method On The P-wave Seismic Data

The attenuation effect of layer makes the seismic weave amplitude reduced with the propagation length increased,which cut down the resolution and the signal to noise ratio,so we use quality factor Q to measure the attenuation in general.While inverse Q-filtering can be incorporated into the processing flow to compensate for the attenuation and achieve the high resolution of seismic sections.The paper introduces the theory of the attenuation,studying the Fourier transform、short time Fourier transform、S transform、generalized S transform、modified S transform,and the test results of Chirp wavelet show that the generalized S and modified S transform have better time-frequency resolution.we also studied the spectral ratio method、centroid shift method、attribute combination method,while different time-frequency method、different fitting methods and different frequency bands have major impact on quality factor Q estimation by the showing of series experiments.Pre-stack attenuation parameter method and pre-stack centroid method were put forward by innovating and the model and seismic data verified the two methods can used to estimate quality factor Q.We also studied the direct inverse Q filtering、gain limited inversing Q filtering、stability factor inverse Q filtering、adaptive gain limit inverse Q filtering、quadratic function and the anti-trigonometric function inverse Q filtering,the result shows that adaptive gain limit inverse Q filtering and quadratic function inverse Q filtering has the best result.