Calling Song Structures Of Three Teleogryllus Species And Their Attraction Effect(Orthoptera:Grylloidea)

One of the main ways for insects to transmit information over long distances is to produce songs,which contains the individual's ontology information and environment information,etc.The song plays an essential role in the calling,courtship,and fighting of the inter-species.Insects that can produce songs include Hemiptera,Orthoptera,Hymenoptera,Lepidoptera,etc.,the characteristics of the sound are generally stable,but there are also various factors and differences between individuals.The cricket belongs to the Grylloidea(Insecta: Orthoptera),which is a model oranism commonly used in researching sound communication.The calling song is the main means of longdistance communication,which not only attracts distant females to mate,but also has space occupying to prevent other invading territories.The foreign researches are primary focus on the the function of each parameter characteristic of crickets' s songs and the influence of the other facters on cricket's vocalization,but did not quantitatively study the role of various structural features of the songs in the process of phonotaxis behavior.In this experiment,Teleogryllus occipitalis,Teleogryllus derelictus,Teleogryllus mitratus were used as experimental objects.By setting the pulse interval,chirp interval and pulse number parameter gradient to explore the effect on the effectiveness and attractiveness of the calling song,compare the similarties and differences of phonotaxis behavior between the male and female or between the inter-species,test the response of crickets to calling songs of other species,quantify the behavioral of crickets to songs,and provide data support and theoretical basis for the communication between insects and the external environment.The results are as followings:1.In the experiment of Teleogryllus occipitalis,after the pulse interval is increased,the female Teleogryllus occipitalis is attracted more slowly,and the calling song is less attractive to the female Teleogryllus occipitalis,but the male Teleogryllus occipitalis is attracted faster,and the calling song is more attractive to the male Teleogryllus occipitalis.The chirp interval does not affect the speed at which the female Teleogryllus occipitalis is attracted by the calling song,but when increasing the chirp interval,the calling song is less attractive to the female Teleogryllus occipitalis.After the chirp interval is decreased,the male Teleogryllus occipitalis is attracted faster,but the calling song is less attractive to it.The number of pulses dose not affect the speed at which the female Teleogryllus occipitalis is attracted by the calling song,but the calling song is less attractive to it when the pulse number is decreased.The number of pulses has no effect on the attraction for the male Teleogryllus occipitalis.2.In the experiment of Teleogryllus derelictus,the decrease of the pulse interval results in that the female Teleogryllus derelictus is attracted faster,and the calling song is more attractive to the female Teleogryllus derelictus.The number of pulses dose not affect the attraction for the male Teleogryllus derelictus.The change in the chirp interval has no effect on the attraction for the female Teleogryllus derelictus and the attraction intensity for the male Teleogryllus derelictus,but the male Teleogryllus derelictus is attracted faster.After the pulse number is changed,the female Teleogryllus derelictus is attracted faster,but the attraction intensity for female Teleogryllus derelictus has no change.The number of pulses affects the attractive intensity for the male Teleogryllus derelictus,but has no effect on the rate of attraction.3.In the experiment of Teleogryllus mitratus,the pulse interval has no effect on the rate or intensity of attraction for the female Teleogryllus mitratus,and on the intensity of attraction for the male Teleogryllus mitratus,but the change in the pulse interval results in that the male Teleogryllus mitratus is attracted more slowly.The change in the chirp interval result in that the male Teleogryllus mitratus is attracted more slowly.The pulse number has no effect on the rate of attraction for the female Teleogryllus mitratus,but after the pulse number is decreased,the calling song is more attractive to the female Teleogryllus mitratus.The male Teleogryllus mitratus is attractived more slowly after change the pules number,the intensity of attraction is not impacted.To summarize,the decrease of the pulse interval results in that the female Teleogryllus occipitalis and Teleogryllus derelictus is attracted faster and stronger.Changing the chirp interval and pulse number will also have a certain impact on the attraction of the summoned sound.The experiment of other species' songs indicate that female and male crickets can not be attracted by other species.