| Zoogeography is a subject that studies zoogeographical distribution,including historical zoogeography and ecological zoogeography.The habitat adaption and selection of animals make the zoogeographical distribution show obvious regional differences.Under the interaction of climate,vegetation and other natural factors,different groups of animals choose the suitable habitats,so as to form fauna in a certain area.Zoogeographical division reflects overall living state of animals,analysis of fauna and geographical distribution of fauna which provides basis and gist for studies of animal ecology,zoogeography and biodiversity conservation.The composition of vertebrate fauna has always been the main basis for studies of zoogeographic division.As an important group of vertebrates,mammals play an important role in the study of zoogeographical division.Based on literature research,this study obtained the latest data of mammal species and geographical distribution in China.Multivariate similarity clustering analysis(MSCA)method was used to explore geographical distribution characteristics of mammals in China,and the boundary between the Palaearctic and Oriental realms in China was discussed.The research contents and results are as follows:1 The species diversity of mammals in China Through literature research,mammalian species and geographical distribution information were obtained in China.The results show that,in 2017,the mammalian species diversity and distribution information in China compiled 692 species(belonging to 13 orders,56 families and 246 genera),among which,639 mammals(belonging to 13 orders,49 families and 215 genera)were selected for subsequent analysis.In 2018,740 mammal species(belonging to 14 orders,58 families and 246 genera)were obtained the diversity and distribution of mammal species in China,among which,648 mammals(belonging to 12 orders,48 families and 215 genera)were selected for subsequent analysis.In 2019,560 species(belonging to 14 orders,54 families and 248 genera)were obtained the diversity and distribution of mammal species in China.According to the species information in 2017 and 2018,692 mammal species(belonging to 14 orders,54 families,248 genera)were obtained,among which,640 mammals(belonging to 12 orders,50 families and 218 genera)were selected for subsequent analysis.2 Cluster analysis of geographical distribution of mammals in China Multivariate similarity clustering analysis(MSCA)method was used to analysis the geographical distribution characteristics of mammals in China,according to the following steps.1)Constructed mammal species and their geographical distribution databaseInvestigated geographical unit's division and construction of database: in order to ensure the accurate statistics of species and their distribution information in this study,the 34 administrative provinces were used as the basis for recording the species distribution information of each province.Among them,Beijing and Tianjin were grouped into Hebei province;Chongqing was grouped into Sichuan province;Shanghai was grouped into Jiangsu province;Hong Kong and Macau were grouped into Guangdong province.Then,based on the topographical characteristics of each province(such as plain,plateau,mountain,basin,and hill),176 investigated geographical unit(IGU)were divided.Using the Access module of Microsoft Office software,to input the information of mammal species and their geographical distribution in China,and a “Chinese mammal investigated geographical unit database” was constructed.Basic geographical unit's establishment and construction of database: considering factors,such as geographical distribution of mammals,the continuity of investigated geographical unit in adjacent areas,the consistency of natural conditions,and the marginal distribution of species,the 176 IGUs were merged into 63 BGUs,then construct “Chinese mammal basic geographical unit database” for further analyzing.By using counting and group by function in Access,we can conduct general data processing and analysis.2)Similarity coefficient calculation In this study,using the general similarity formula(GSF)in multivariate similarity clustering analysis(MSCA)method to calculate the similarity coefficients between 2 and among 3,4,......,n-1,and n BGUs for subsequent cluster analysis.3)Clustering analysis Clustering process: the greatest similarity coefficient among the basic geographical units were selected and clustered into one category until all the basic geographical units(BGU)were merged.And the clustering map was constructed.Then,the similarity coefficients of the basic geographical units was transformed the horizontal distance length,and the clustering map was drawn.Geographical distribution characteristics of mammals in China: based on the data of 2017,when the similarity coefficients values of 0.31,0.25 and 0.15,the basic geographical units of mammals in China could be clustered into 10,7 and 2 groups of BGUs.Based on the data of 2018,when the similarity coefficients values of 0.31,0.25 and 0.15,the basic geographical units of mammals in China could be clustered into 10,7 and 2 groups of BGUs.Based on the data of 2019,when the similarity coefficients values of 0.31,0.25,and 0.14,the BGUs of mammals in China were grouped into 10,7 and 2 groups of BGUs,respectively.3 Geographical division on mammals in China When the mammalian distribution of China was grouped into 2,7 and 10 BGU groups,a framework of 3-level zoogeographical division of mammal fauna in China,2 realms,7 regions,10 sub-regions was established.1)Realms: Palaearctic realm and Oriental realm;2)Regions: Xinjiang region,Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China region,North China Plain region,Western and Northern Plateau region,Southwest-Qinba region,Central-South China inland region,Southeast coast region;3)Sub-regions: Xinjiang sub-region,Inner Mongolia Plateau sub-region,Northeast China sub-region,Huanghai Plain sub-region,Huanghuai Plain sub-region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Qilian-Guanzhong sub-region,Southeast coast sub-region,Central China sub-region,South China sub-region,Hengduan mountain sub-region(SouthwestQinba sub-region).4 Boundary between the Palaearctic and Oriental Realms in China When the mammalian distribution of China was clustered into two BGU groups,it was equivalent to the Palaearctic realm and Oriental realm of global zoogeographical division.Based on the results of this study,the study suggests: the boundary(transitional zone)between Palaearctic and Oriental realms in China can be expressed as: western Namjagbarwa Peak-Maqinggangri-northern Qinling Mountains-southern margin of Loess Plateau-Dabie Mountains-southern Huaihe River areamiddle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.5 Evaluation on the MSCA method The study provided additional evidence for Multivariate similarity clustering analysis(MSCA)method.It is suggested that this method can be used for quantitative analysis on geographical distribution of the other biota.Conclusions 1)When taking the similarity coefficients values of 0.15(0.14),0.25,and 0.31,the basic geographical units of mammals in China could be clustered into 2,7 and 10 groups of BGUs.Consequently,a framework,2 Realms,7 Regions,and 10 Sub-regions,of zoogeographical division of mammals in China was established.2)The Inner Mongolia plateau area and the northeast China area are merged into a region-Inner Mongolia Plateau and northeast China region.The southeast coast area with Hainan and Taiwan merged into a region-Southeast coast region.The Qinling and Hengduan mountains were grouped into Oriental realm,respectively.3)The results from this study suggested that boundary(transitional zone)between Palaearctic and Oriental Realms in China should be expressed as: western Namjagbarwa Peak-Maqinggangri-northern Qinling Mountains-southern margin of the Loess Plateau-Dabie Mountains-southern Huaihe River area-middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. |
PDF Full Text Request