Research On Environmental Pollution Control Mechanisms In Bay Waters Of China

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China first proposed the strategy of "marine power",the country has increased the development and utilization of the ocean.Marine fishing,marine transportation,marine oil and gas extraction,sea salt chemical industry,and coastal tourism have brought huge economic benefits.At the same time,human beings also make full use of the ocean's ability to accept pollutants to treat waste generated from land production activities in order to alleviate the pressure of human living environment on land.However,excessive development and utilization has exceeded the carrying capacity of the ocean to a certain extent.It has also brought serious economic problems and brought serious pollution problems.It has caused a certain threat to the marine fishery environment,especially in close proximity to human activities.Shore sea,due to its special geographical conditions and high-intensity development and utilization,the waters of the bay have made ecological pressures increasingly prominent.A bay is a sea area where the sea or ocean extends into the land to form a pronounced meandering curve,usually on three sides and land on one side.And in addition to the prescribed waters,it should be considered as a comprehensive natural body in combination with a certain range of surrounding land and airspace.The unique location and resource advantages make the bay a carrier of multiple industries such as ports,coastal industries,marine aquaculture,and coastal tourism.Because of its semi-closed terrain,water exchange capacity is weak,high-intensity pollution and low-efficiency purification make the water environment of China's bay on the verge of carrying capacity.Environmental pollution and ecological disruption in the bay waters will lead to the decline of bay ecosystem functions and biodiversity,which will affect the sustainable development of socioeconomics in the bay.Based on this,the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Central Committee proposed the implementation of the Blue Bay Remediation Initiative,and in terms of pollution control,it was required to achieve the goal of promoting the stability of offshore water quality.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the CPC alsopointed out that the ocean is an important support and carrier of economic and social development.The bay is also an important link in the development of the marine economy.Therefore,it is imperative to adhere to the overall planning of land and sea and control the environmental pollution of the bay waters in order to accelerate the construction of building China into a maritime power.This article comprehensively uses the interdisciplinary theories and knowledge of public management and oceanography,and uses theoretical tools such as the logic of collective action,public goods theory,and ecosystem theory to start from the three aspects of the institutions,systems,and operating environment of environmental pollution control in the bay waters.Based on the existing research results and the practical experience in the recent years of bay governance,the problems in the three dimensions mentioned above are comprehensively analyzed.With the reasons are analyzed,the suggestions for improvement are proposed,in the aim of building a universal mechanism for environmental pollution control of bay waters in China.In the future,we will lay a solid foundation for the advancement of specific bay governance work,thereby improving the effectiveness of environmental governance in the bay waters of our country and improving the marine fishery environment.First of all,the current status of the environmental governance mechanism of the bay waters was sorted out from three aspects: organization,system,and operating environment,and it paved the way for subsequent discovery and analysis.Among them,the institutional level is organized from three perspectives: the composition of the central organization,the composition of local organizations,and the coordination organization.At the system level,it is divided into legal system and post system based on the actual situation.The regulatory system refers to the existing laws and regulations related to the environmental governance of the bay,and the post system refers to the "Bay Chief System" introduced in recent years for the governance of the bay.At the operating environment level,the current situation was elaborated from three perspectives: economic environment,technical environment,and human environment.Secondly,the problems existing in the three dimensions are discussed in combination with the collected cases.One of the main problems is that institutions are not performing their duties properly,which is manifested by inefficient law enforcement,inaction by local governments,and insufficient authority of coordinating agencies.Another problem is the inapplicability of relevant legal content,"Bay Chief System" and "River Chief system" have not achieved effective docking;The last problem is that the operating environment is imperfect,manifested by ineffective use of funds,weak professional technology,and weak public awareness of marine protection.Thirdly,using theoretical tools and induction methods to analyze many existing problems,it is concluded that the main reasons for the problems are: unclear institutional responsibilities,lack of control over inter-administrative bay management,and unchanging government management concepts;related legislation is lagging Relevant working systems are lacking;insufficient scientific research forces for marine environmental protection in universities,inadequate implementation of land and sea planning concepts,and insufficient social publicity.Finally,for the above reasons,corresponding improvement suggestions are put forward.Among them,it is creatively proposed to formulate a statutory system document for the top-level design of the environmental governance of the bay waters to provide a guidance basis for the individualized governance of different bays.It also proposes a new “1 + n” governance model for the current environmental management system after the institutional reform,that is,the environmental protection department assumes major management responsibilities and the related business functional departments provide assistance.With a view to ensuring that the newly formed departments can perform their functions,to a certain extent,the problem of low efficiency caused by blaming each other during multi-department enforcement will be solved.