| Reproduction is the core problem of a species that primates achieve their own reproductive benefits by mating.The study of mating behavior is an important way for us to understand the reproductive characteristics of a species and to explore its breeding strategy.Therefore,the study of mating behavior strategy of Sichuan golden monkey has become the core topic to reveal its reproduction law.Rhinopithecus roxellana is a rare and endangered species,which is only distributed in Sichuan,Gansu,Shaanxi,Hubei in China.The mating patterns of captive Sichuan golden monkey and Shennongjia provisioned Sichuan golden monkey were located in Dewsbury and Dixson classification systems.,but the mating patterns of wild Sichuan golden monkey are not clear.In order to accurately locate the mating patterns of Minshan mountain wild Sichuan golden monkey,we studied a provisioning group monkey next to Xiaohegou Nature Reserve in Pingwu County.The mating behavior data of three adult males from September 2018 to August 2019 were observed by focus animal sampling and whole event recording.The results showed that the male mating patterns of Sichuan golden monkeys in Minshan belong to No.12(no locking,twitching,single intromission,single ejaculation)of the Dewsbury classification system and No.12(no locking,twitching,single and short intromission)of Dixson classification system.To validate the Reproductive skew theory and explore the relationship between female rank and mating competition during mating season,we used focus animal sampling and whole-event recording in September 2018 to November 2018 to observe and record the grooming and mating behavior of adult female individuals in three family units of the artificial assisted feeding group.The results showed that there was a grade relationship between female and mating frequency in family unit during mating season.That is the higher the rank,the higher the mating frequency.Conforms to the reproductive skew theory.According to Darwin's theory of sexual selection and reproductive skew theory,there is fierce competition among female individuals in the mating behavior of Sichuan golden monkey.In order to explore the strategies adopted by females in the face of mating competition,we used focus animal sampling and full event recording methods from September 2018 to August 2019.We observe and record adult female mating behavior in three family units in the artificial assisted feeding population.The results showed that females were selective in solicitation distance,solicitation position and solicitation for each round between mating season and nonmating season.Females tended to adopt single close-range visual mating strategy in mating season,non-mating season females adopted "wrong peak" multiple mating;mating season average duration was15.80±0.46 s slightly higher than nonmating season average duration 14.36±0.52 s.The duration of ejaculation in mating season was 22.42±6.75 s slightly higher than that in non-mating season 19.41±3.48 s.mating season success rate was significantly higher than non-mating season,ejaculation frequency was significantly higher than non-mating season,Our study conforms to the sperm depletion hypothesis.To explore the effect of reproductive status on mating behavior in female individuals,we used focus animal sampling and whole event recording to observe and record adult female mating behavior in three family units in the provisioning group from September 2018 to August 2019.The results showed that: in mating season,the bearing females' frequency of solicitation and mating were significantly lower than non-bearing females.The lactating females' frequency of solicitation,mating and ejaculation was significantly lower than that of non-lactating females.During the non-mating season,there was no significant difference in the frequency of mating,mating and ejaculation.It suggests that female reproductive status affects mating behavior only during mating season. |
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